Garzino-Demo P, Carbone M, Carrozzo M, Broccoletti R, Gandolfo S
Divisione di Chirurgia Maxillo-Facciale, Università degli Studi, Torino.
Minerva Stomatol. 1998 Sep;47(9):387-98.
The aim of this review is to evaluate the side effects of some drug therapies on the gingival tissue in certain susceptible individuals. Phenytoin, cyclosporine-A and a variety of calcium channel blockers have been shown to produce gingival overgrowth. In this paper the pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of these drugs, the pathogenesis, the clinical aspect of the enlargement and its treatment are examined. Several of the reviewed theories on pathogenesis are well documented in the literature, while others are controversial and less described. The old term gingival hyperplasia is not exact because histologically an increase in the number of fibroblasts has not been demonstrated, but an increase has been found out in the amount of collagen fibers and noncollagenous proteins in the connective tissue. The clinical findings have the same characteristics both in location and growth pattern while prevention is primarily directed at the removal of local irritant factors. The prevalence and severity of gingival enlargement increase in heart transplant patients who are often medicated with cyclosporin and channel blockers.
本综述的目的是评估某些药物疗法对特定易感个体牙龈组织的副作用。已证实苯妥英、环孢素A和多种钙通道阻滞剂会导致牙龈增生。本文对这些药物的药效学和药代动力学、发病机制、增生的临床情况及其治疗进行了研究。综述中关于发病机制的一些理论在文献中有充分记载，而其他一些则存在争议且描述较少。旧术语牙龈增生并不准确，因为从组织学上并未证实成纤维细胞数量增加，但已发现结缔组织中胶原纤维和非胶原蛋白质的数量有所增加。临床 findings 在位置和生长模式上具有相同特征，而预防主要针对去除局部刺激因素。在经常使用环孢素和通道阻滞剂治疗的心脏移植患者中，牙龈增生的发生率和严重程度会增加。
