Aisenson Kogan A
Acta Psiquiatr Psicol Am Lat. 1976 Sep;22(3):225-31.
War is a complex social situation due to the interplay of multiple factors. Economical and political ones are of utmost importance, but human attitudes and motivations must be also taken into account. Being desirable to modify human transactions in such a way that they do not interfere with the basic right of everyone to a condition of physical and mental well-being, war must be abolished. The author contends that an understanding of behaviour through Psychology can be helpful in that aim. Aggression is considered the principal psychological cause of war. It is worth while to differentiate between aggression as an instrument for attaining a special end, and as pure hostility. Only in the first form, it is held here, does it play an important role in war. Psychogists must deal also with a wide range of states of mind that can be "served" by aggression: feelings of inferiority or insecurity, fear, greed, projections, compensations, rationalizations, etc. Scientific approach is not the only one Physiology brings to war prevention. It is equally important the wide dissemination of its conclusions among the general public. Information on the dynamics that prompt people to decide war would make it easier to control. This applies not only to political or military leaders, but also to civil populations. Concerning those two possible contributions of psychologists, scientific and educative, it is suggested the extensive use of psychodramatic techniques. Their richness lie in the lifelike experiences they convey to the participants, and particular aptitude to promote changes of attitudes. Investigation and information on the psychological processes related to war should be undertaken by international organizations of social scientists, acting simultaneously in several countries. Some of the initial steps they could further: 1) that prevention of war be a current subject matter in psychological courses; 2) that the World Health Organization take interest in this subject; 3) that psychologists participate in international political and economical bodies in order to clarify the psychological factors leading to war.
战争是一种复杂的社会状况，因为有多种因素相互作用。经济和政治因素至关重要，但人的态度和动机也必须予以考虑。鉴于希望以不干扰每个人享有身心健康这一基本权利的方式来改变人类行为，战争必须被废除。作者认为，通过心理学来理解行为有助于实现这一目标。侵略被视为战争的主要心理成因。区分作为实现特定目的的手段的侵略和纯粹的敌意是值得的。这里认为，只有在第一种形式中，侵略才在战争中发挥重要作用。心理学家还必须应对一系列可以由侵略来“助长”的心理状态：自卑或不安全感、恐惧、贪婪、投射、补偿、合理化等。科学方法并非生理学为预防战争所带来的唯一方法。同样重要的是在广大公众中广泛传播其结论。有关促使人们决定发动战争的动态情况的信息将使控制战争变得更容易。这不仅适用于政治或军事领导人，也适用于平民百姓。关于心理学家可能做出的这两种贡献，即科学贡献和教育贡献，建议广泛使用心理剧技术。它们的丰富性在于它们传达给参与者的逼真体验，以及促进态度改变的特殊能力。与战争相关的心理过程的调查和信息应由在几个国家同时开展活动的国际社会科学家组织进行。他们可以推进的一些初步措施包括：1）将预防战争作为心理学课程中的一个当前主题；2）世界卫生组织关注这一主题；3）心理学家参与国际政治和经济机构，以阐明导致战争的心理因素。
