Barnfield T V, Leathem J M
Adult Mental Health Service, Hutt Valley Health, Lower Hutt, New Zealand.
Brain Inj. 1998 Nov;12(11):951-62. doi: 10.1080/026990598122007.
Fifty subjects with a history of traumatic brain injury (TBI) and/or substance use, completed neuropsychological measures of short and long term verbal and visual memory, information processing, motor speed and co-ordination, executive functioning, and malingering. All subjects performed below norms on tests of verbal memory and verbal abstract thinking, but overall no differences were found due to either severity of TBI or level of substance use. Maori subjects obtained the lowest scores on tests of verbal ability, but also reported higher rates of TBI and substance use, which is presumed to account for this result. In conclusion, prison populations seem to have disproportionately high rates of TBI, recurrent TBI, and substance use, compared to the general population. Further, there are a group of individuals who have experienced both TBI and substance abuse, with associated impairments in verbal memory and learning, abstract thinking, and who report problems with general memory and socialization. These difficulties may affect functioning both in prison and following release.
五十名有创伤性脑损伤（TBI）和/或物质使用史的受试者完成了短期和长期言语及视觉记忆、信息处理、运动速度与协调、执行功能以及伪装方面的神经心理学测试。所有受试者在言语记忆和言语抽象思维测试中的表现均低于常模，但总体而言，未发现因TBI严重程度或物质使用水平而产生差异。毛利族受试者在言语能力测试中得分最低，但他们报告的TBI和物质使用发生率也更高，推测这就是导致该结果的原因。总之，与普通人群相比，监狱人群中TBI、复发性TBI和物质使用的发生率似乎高得不成比例。此外，有一群人既经历过TBI又有药物滥用问题，伴有言语记忆和学习、抽象思维方面的相关损伤，且他们报告存在一般记忆和社交方面的问题。这些困难可能会影响他们在监狱中的表现以及出狱后的功能。
