van den Bree M B, Johnson E O, Neale M C, Pickens R W
Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA.
Drug Alcohol Depend. 1998 Nov 1;52(3):231-41. doi: 10.1016/s0376-8716(98)00101-x.
Twins were recruited through alcohol and drug treatment programs. With structural equation modeling, genetic and environmental estimates were obtained for use and DSM-III abuse/dependence of sedatives, opioids, cocaine, stimulants, and cannabis as well as any illicit drug. Analyses were conducted separately for males and females. Models included thresholds based on population prevalence of use or abuse/dependence and ever having been in treatment. Genetic influences were found for most measures. They were generally stronger for males than females and for clinical diagnoses of abuse/dependence compared to use. Common environmental influences played a greater role in use than abuse/dependence.
通过酒精和药物治疗项目招募双胞胎。采用结构方程模型，获得了镇静剂、阿片类药物、可卡因、兴奋剂、大麻以及任何非法药物的使用和DSM-III滥用/依赖的遗传和环境估计值。分别对男性和女性进行了分析。模型包括基于使用或滥用/依赖的人群患病率以及曾接受治疗的阈值。大多数测量指标都发现了遗传影响。一般来说，男性的遗传影响比女性更强，与使用相比，滥用/依赖的临床诊断的遗传影响更强。共同环境影响在使用方面比滥用/依赖方面发挥了更大作用。
