Rothman K J, Fyler D C
Am J Epidemiol. 1976 Nov;104(5):527-34. doi: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a112326.
The records of the New England Regional Infant Cardiac Program, a service program covering all of New England, provide a useful source of information about the characteristics of children born with congenital heart defects. Data were analyzed on more than 2000 children born in New England who were diagnosed with a congenital heart defect before the first birthday. Children with arterio-venous fistula, aortic stenosis, transposition of the great arteries or hypoplastic left ventricle were predominantly male; children with persistent ductus arteriosus and endocardial cushion defect were predominantly female. Positive trends in risk with increasing birth order were present for pulmonic stenosis and transposition of the great arteries, and a negative trend was seen for persistent ductus arteriosus. What evidence there was for associations with maternal age was greatly reduced after controlling for confounding by birth order.
新英格兰地区婴儿心脏项目是一个覆盖整个新英格兰地区的服务项目，其记录为了解患有先天性心脏缺陷的儿童特征提供了有用的信息来源。对新英格兰地区出生的2000多名在一岁前被诊断患有先天性心脏缺陷的儿童的数据进行了分析。患有动静脉瘘、主动脉狭窄、大动脉转位或左心室发育不全的儿童以男性为主；患有动脉导管未闭和心内膜垫缺损的儿童以女性为主。肺动脉狭窄和大动脉转位的风险随出生顺序增加呈上升趋势，而动脉导管未闭则呈下降趋势。在控制了出生顺序的混杂因素后，与母亲年龄相关的证据大幅减少。
