[医院戒毒科：4年经验。治疗与感染]

[Hospital detoxification unit: 4-year experience. Treatment and infections].

作者信息

Gutiérrez del Río C, Casanueva Gutiérrez M, de la Fuente García B, Gallo Alvaro C, García-Alcalde Fernández M L, Morís de la Tassa J

机构信息

Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital de Cabueñes, Gijón, Asturias.

出版信息

An Med Interna. 1998 Oct;15(10):528-30.

PMID:9844227

Abstract

BACKGROUND

Analysis of the main infections complications in drug-dependents and their relation between the way of consumption and sexual activity; the detoxification treatments used are taken into consideration.

MATERIAL AND METHODS

We studied the patients admitted to the HDU (Hospital Detoxification Unit) between 1991 and 1995 revising their Clinical Histories with a protocol made for the occasion; the statistical calculations were subjected to the SPSS program, applying the Fisher's and Chi-square tests.

RESULTS

458 patients were included (males = 365); drug were taken intravenously in 290 cases (distribution from 1991 to 1995: 61, 92, 72, 88-p = 0.05), smoked in 120 cases (distribution: 18, 57, 60, 67-p = 0.01), inhaled in 29 cases (2, 16, 4, 6-p = 0.01) and taken orally 176 cases (29, 50, 46, 50). The Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) was positive in 186 of 403; the Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) was positive in 259 of 374 (known = 115/discovered = 144) and incidence with respect to the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) has p < 0.000001; HIV was positive in 85 (known = 69). Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STD) were present in 94 patients, 27 of whom were women (p = 0.03), HBV(+) = 38, HCV(+) = 49 and HIV(+) = 52 (p = 0.02). Candida infections is present in 31 HIV(+). Phlebitis antecedents are found in 79 (424), 48 of whom were HBV(+) (p = 0.00003), 60 were HCV(+) (p = 0.000008) and 29 HIV(+) (p = 0.00003). The patients were mainly treated with Clonidina (450) and tricyclic antidepressants (242).

CONCLUSIONS

In our study, we observe the increase of intravenous drug users, being phlebitis the most frequent antecedent in HBV(+), HCV(+) and HIV(+); we have also detected a higher number of STD both in these groups and in women as well.

摘要

背景

分析吸毒者的主要感染并发症及其与消费方式和性行为之间的关系；考虑所使用的戒毒治疗方法。

材料与方法

我们研究了1991年至1995年期间入住戒毒科（医院戒毒单元）的患者，用为此专门制定的方案查阅他们的临床病历；统计计算采用SPSS程序，应用费舍尔检验和卡方检验。

结果

共纳入458例患者（男性 = 365例）；290例静脉吸毒（1991年至1995年的分布情况：61例、92例、72例、88例 - p = 0.05），120例吸烟吸毒（分布情况：18例、57例、60例、67例 - p = 0.01），29例吸入吸毒（2例、16例、4例、6例 - p = 0.01），176例口服吸毒（29例、50例、46例、50例）。403例中186例乙肝病毒（HBV）呈阳性；374例中259例丙肝病毒（HCV）呈阳性（已知 = 115例/新发现 = 144例），相对于人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）的发病率p < 0.000001；85例HIV呈阳性（已知 = 69例）。94例患者患有性传播疾病（STD），其中27例为女性（p = 0.03），HBV(+) = 38例，HCV(+) = 49例，HIV(+) = 52例（p = 0.02）。31例HIV(+)患者有念珠菌感染。79例（424处）有静脉炎病史，其中48例HBV(+)（p = 0.00003），60例HCV(+)（p = 0.000008），29例HIV(+)（p = 0.00003）。患者主要接受可乐定（450例）和三环类抗抑郁药（242例）治疗。