Heir J, Ziccardi V B
Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, New Jersey Dental School, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, Newark 07103-2400, USA.
Mt Sinai J Med. 1998 Oct-Nov;65(5-6):378-82.
Patients in the industrialized world are at low risk of acquiring nosocomial infections; nevertheless, several aspects of care in the hospital or clinic can place patients at risk from infectious disease transmission. Paramount to the prevention of disease is the strict adherence to universal precautions for all patients. Tuberculosis has again emerged as a potential epidemic capable of dramatic morbidity and mortality. The World Health Organization estimated that 22.6 million people were infected with HIV and that 50 million would be infected by the year 2000. The main types of viral hepatitis are hepatitis A through G. The chance of transmitting hepatitis B virus is higher than the chance of transmitting HIV. As knowledge regarding the pathophysiology and transmission of these diseases has increased in recent years, some insight has also been gained into the problems related to transmission of diseases between individuals. This paper will discuss the transmission of tuberculosis, hepatitis and HIV as related to the dental setting and health-care workers.
工业化国家的患者感染医院内感染的风险较低；然而，医院或诊所护理的几个方面可能使患者面临传染病传播的风险。预防疾病的首要措施是对所有患者严格遵守普遍预防措施。结核病再次成为一种可能导致高发病率和死亡率的潜在流行病。世界卫生组织估计，有2260万人感染了艾滋病毒，到2000年将有5000万人感染。病毒性肝炎的主要类型是甲型至庚型。传播乙型肝炎病毒的几率高于传播艾滋病毒的几率。近年来，随着对这些疾病的病理生理学和传播的了解不断增加，人们对个体之间疾病传播相关问题也有了一些认识。本文将讨论与牙科环境和医护人员相关的结核病、肝炎和艾滋病毒的传播。
