Scheipers P, Reiser H
Department of Immunology, Imperial College School of Medicine, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK.
Immunol Res. 1998;18(2):103-15. doi: 10.1007/BF02788753.
Costimulatory molecules of the B7 family regulate the activation of T lymphocytes. T cell activation is promoted by binding of B7 molecules to CD28 and inhibited by binding to CTLA-4 (CD152). The balance between positive signals through CD28 and negative signals through CTLA-4 is critical for the fate of the T cell and is subject to tight regulation. Recent in vitro and in vivo studies have significantly advanced our understanding of the function of the CTLA-4 receptor. The results of these experiments suggest that CTLA-4 is critical for the induction of self-tolerance, and that it may have distinct signaling functions in resting and activated T cells. In resting T cells, CTLA-4 crosslinking leads to cell-cycle arrest, whereas in activated T cells, CTLA-4 crosslinking induces apoptosis. In this article, we will review the physiologic functions of the CTLA-4 receptor.
B7家族的共刺激分子调节T淋巴细胞的激活。B7分子与CD28结合可促进T细胞激活，而与CTLA-4（CD152）结合则抑制T细胞激活。通过CD28的正向信号与通过CTLA-4的负向信号之间的平衡对于T细胞的命运至关重要，且受到严格调控。近期的体外和体内研究极大地推进了我们对CTLA-4受体功能的理解。这些实验结果表明，CTLA-4对于诱导自身耐受至关重要，并且它在静息和活化的T细胞中可能具有不同的信号传导功能。在静息T细胞中，CTLA-4交联导致细胞周期停滞，而在活化T细胞中，CTLA-4交联诱导细胞凋亡。在本文中，我们将综述CTLA-4受体的生理功能。
