Porcú S, Casagrande M, Ferrara M, Bellatreccia A
Aeronautica Militare Italiana, Istituto Medico Legale, Reparto Neurologia, Roma.
Int J Neurosci. 1998 Jul;95(1-2):43-50. doi: 10.3109/00207459809000648.
People involved in shift work often have to face altered patterns of sleep and wakefulness. This is particularly true for schedules involving night shifts and/or fragmentation of duty periods throughout the 24-hr day. In such conditions, it can be difficult to obtain satisfactory periods of sleep, and sleepiness on duty is a frequent and dangerous occurrence. The aim of this study was to evaluate sleep and wakefulness periods of subjects whose work schedule was characterized by an alternation of 2 hours of activity and 4 hours of rest (sleep allowed), repeated 4 times throughout the 24-hr day. This schedule was alternated with 24 hours off duty. Nine healthy male volunteers were monitored by means of ambulatory polysomnography while attending their 24-hr rest-activity schedule. Sleep periods were visually scored according to standard criteria. Wake periods were visually scored using both 30 s and 5 s epochs in order to reveal episodes of drowsiness and/or microsleep. Results showed that total sleep time was substantially reduced as compared to the usual 7-8 hour monophasic nocturnal sleep. Subjects did not sleep during the first rest period (11.00-15.00). Time in sleep linearly increased in the course of the 3 remaining rest periods. Normal sleep stage distribution was substantially spared only in the last rest period (3.00-7.00 a.m.). With regard to duty periods, only a few microsleeps were detected and their number did not significantly vary across the four 2-hr activity periods. In conclusion, this rest-activity schedule, despite the considerable sleep reduction, allowed maintaining good levels of vigilance as shown by the virtual absence of EEG microsleeps. Whether future research will prove that this regimen does not cause an impairment of performance, it should be a suitable strategy for the management of continuous operations.
从事轮班工作的人常常不得不面对睡眠和清醒模式的改变。对于涉及夜班和/或24小时工作日中工作时段碎片化的排班表来说尤其如此。在这种情况下，很难获得令人满意的睡眠时间，工作时困倦是常见且危险的情况。本研究的目的是评估工作时间表为2小时活动和4小时休息（允许睡眠）交替进行、在24小时内重复4次的受试者的睡眠和清醒时段。这个时间表与24小时的休息时间交替。九名健康男性志愿者在按照他们的24小时休息-活动时间表进行活动时，通过动态多导睡眠监测仪进行监测。根据标准标准对睡眠时间进行视觉评分。使用30秒和5秒的时间段对清醒时段进行视觉评分，以揭示困倦和/或微睡眠发作。结果显示，与通常7-8小时的单相夜间睡眠相比，总睡眠时间大幅减少。受试者在第一个休息时段（11:00-15:00）没有睡觉。在其余3个休息时段中，睡眠时间呈线性增加。仅在最后一个休息时段（凌晨3:00-7:00）基本保持了正常的睡眠阶段分布。关于工作时段，仅检测到少数微睡眠，并且在四个2小时的活动时段中其数量没有显著变化。总之，尽管睡眠时间大幅减少，但这种休息-活动时间表仍能保持良好的警觉水平，脑电图微睡眠几乎不存在就表明了这一点。未来的研究是否会证明这种方案不会导致工作表现受损，它都应该是持续作业管理的一种合适策略。
