Rose K M, Newman B, Mayer-Davis E J, Selby J V
Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 27514, USA.
Obes Res. 1998 Nov;6(6):383-92. doi: 10.1002/j.1550-8528.1998.tb00369.x.
This study examines genetic and behavioral determinants of waist-hip ratio (WHR) and waist circumference among women twins.
Six hundred eighty participants from the second examination of the Kaiser-Permanente Women Twins Study (1989 to 1990) were included. Women ranged in age from 31 to 90 years, and included 59% monozygotic and 41% dizygotic twins. Heritabilities of WHR and waist circumference were estimated (range=0 to 1) using three different statistical methods. Linear regression models that adjusted for the lack of independence within twin pairs were used to assess associations between behavioral variables, WHR, and waist circumference.
Age and body mass index-adjusted heritability estimates ranged from 0.36 to 0.61 for WHR and 0.72 to 0.82 for waist circumference. When considered individually, after adjusting for age and body mass index, all behavioral characteristics, except calorie-adjusted fat intake, were significantly (p<0. 10) associated with waist circumference and WHR. Greater central adiposity was associated with lower education, higher alcohol consumption, lower physical activity, current cigarette smoking, higher parity, and postmenopausal status without hormone replacement therapy. In multivariate models, these associations persisted, except neither educational attainment nor alcohol intake was significantly associated with waist circumference. In longitudinal analyses, both measures were positively associated with current or recent-past smoking; infrequent or inconsistent physical activity; and long-term, daily consumption of alcohol.
These cross-sectional and longitudinal associations are consistent with genetic and behavioral predictors of waist circumference and WHR. Whereas the evidence for genetic influences is stronger for waist circumference, both body fat measures may be similarly influenced by the behavioral factors considered.
本研究探讨女性双胞胎腰臀比（WHR）和腰围的遗传及行为决定因素。
纳入了来自凯撒 - 永久女性双胞胎研究第二次检查（1989年至1990年）的680名参与者。女性年龄在31岁至90岁之间，其中同卵双胞胎占59%，异卵双胞胎占41%。使用三种不同的统计方法估计WHR和腰围的遗传力（范围 = 0至1）。采用线性回归模型对双胞胎对内部缺乏独立性进行校正，以评估行为变量、WHR和腰围之间的关联。
年龄和体重指数校正后的WHR遗传力估计值在0.36至0.61之间，腰围的遗传力估计值在0.72至0.82之间。单独考虑时，在调整年龄和体重指数后，除经热量调整的脂肪摄入量外，所有行为特征均与腰围和WHR显著相关（p<0.10）。更高的中心性肥胖与较低的教育程度、更高的酒精摄入量、较低的身体活动水平、当前吸烟、更高的产次以及未接受激素替代疗法的绝经后状态相关。在多变量模型中，这些关联仍然存在，但教育程度和酒精摄入量与腰围均无显著关联。在纵向分析中，这两项指标均与当前或近期吸烟、不频繁或不一致的身体活动以及长期每日饮酒呈正相关。
这些横断面和纵向关联与腰围和WHR的遗传及行为预测因素一致。虽然腰围受遗传影响的证据更强，但这两种体脂测量指标可能同样受到所考虑的行为因素的影响。
