Bell D M
HIV Infections Branch, Hospital Infections Program, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30333, USA.
Am J Med. 1997 May 19;102(5B):9-15. doi: 10.1016/s0002-9343(97)89441-7.
Healthcare workers (HCWs) are at risk for occupational acquisition of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, primarily due to percutaneous exposure to infected blood. As of June 1996, 51 documented cases and 108 possible cases of occupationally acquired HIV infection in HCWs in the United States had been reported to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The frequency of blood exposure among HCWs varies according to occupation, procedures performed, and use of preventive measures. Based on limited data, it has been estimated that approximately 500,000 percutaneous blood exposures may occur annually among hospital-based HCWs in the United States. Of these, approximately 5,000 may involve exposures to blood that is known to be HIV infected. The average risk of HIV transmission after percutaneous exposure to HIV-infected blood is approximately 0.3%; however, the risk is believed to be higher for exposures involving an increased volume of blood and/or high viral load.
医护人员面临职业性感染人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）的风险，主要原因是经皮接触受感染血液。截至1996年6月，美国已向疾病控制与预防中心报告了51例医护人员职业性感染HIV的确诊病例和108例可能病例。医护人员中血液暴露的频率因职业、所执行的操作程序以及预防措施的使用情况而异。根据有限的数据估计，美国医院医护人员每年可能发生约50万次经皮血液暴露。其中，约5000次可能涉及接触已知感染HIV的血液。经皮接触HIV感染血液后感染HIV的平均风险约为0.3%；然而，对于涉及血液量增加和/或病毒载量高的暴露，风险被认为更高。
