Ferguson R L, Rosett W, Hodges G R, Barnes W G
Ann Intern Med. 1976 Nov;85(5):583-6. doi: 10.7326/0003-4819-85-5-583.
Because the frequency of complications related to heparin-lock needle usage is unknown, 221 heparin-lock needle insertions in 78 patients were observed for the development of complications. Upon removal of 119 heparin-lock needles from 42 patients, specimens were obtained for culture. Phlebitis was associated with 27 (12%) heparin-lock needle insertions. Only a positive flush culture of the heparin-lock needle system correlated with the development of phlebitis. Phlebitis developed during the first 4 days after heparin-lock needle insertion in two instances and later than 4 days after insertion in 25 instances. All positive flush cultures were obtained from heparin-lock needles in use for longer than 4 days. No patient developed clinically apparent systemic infection. These data suggest that heparin-lock needles should not be used for more than 4 days because, after 4 days of use, there is a significant risk of developing phlebitis, a lesser risk of developing contamination of the infusate in the heparin-lock needle system, and a potential risk of developing nosocomial infection.
由于与肝素锁针使用相关的并发症发生率尚不清楚，因此对78例患者的221次肝素锁针插入进行了观察，以了解并发症的发生情况。在从42例患者身上拔除119根肝素锁针后，获取标本进行培养。静脉炎与27次（12%）肝素锁针插入有关。只有肝素锁针系统的正压冲洗培养结果与静脉炎的发生相关。静脉炎在肝素锁针插入后的前4天内发生2例，在插入后4天以上发生25例。所有正压冲洗培养均来自使用超过4天的肝素锁针。没有患者发生临床上明显的全身感染。这些数据表明，肝素锁针使用不应超过4天，因为使用4天后，发生静脉炎的风险显著增加，肝素锁针系统中输注液受污染的风险较小，且存在发生医院感染的潜在风险。
