Lévy F
Laboratoire de comportement animal, INRA/CNRS, URA, Nouzilly.
Contracept Fertil Sex. 1998 Oct;26(10):718-27.
In mammals, the development of maternal behaviour is generally controlled by neuroendocrine factors followed by sensory factors. Whereas the dynamics of the steroid balance at parturition are of primary importance in non-human mammals, stimulation of the uterine tract during the expulsion of the foetus is the key-factor in ungulates. This induces a cascade of physiological events and particularly the activation of the oxytocinergic system. The increase in prolactin release appears to be important only in rodents. Activation of the opiate system induces inhibitory effects in rodents and facilitatory effects in ungulates and, in rodents, the medial preoptic area is the central key structure of hormonal action. In women, no correlation exists between hormonal levels and maternal attitudes either during pregnancy or in the post-partum period. Physiological factors enhance receptivity to stimuli coming from the neonate and this allows the female to display maternal behaviour beyond this critical period. Odours facilitate the organisation of both maternal and infantile behaviour and are involved in individual recognition for both. Olfaction may also participate in the regulation of mother-young interactions in humans.
在哺乳动物中，母性行为的发展通常受神经内分泌因素控制，随后是感觉因素。在非人哺乳动物中，分娩时类固醇平衡的动态变化至关重要，而在有蹄类动物中，胎儿排出过程中子宫生殖道的刺激是关键因素。这会引发一系列生理事件，尤其是催产素能系统的激活。催乳素释放的增加似乎仅在啮齿动物中具有重要意义。阿片系统的激活在啮齿动物中产生抑制作用，在有蹄类动物中产生促进作用，并且在啮齿动物中，内侧视前区是激素作用的核心关键结构。在女性中，孕期或产后激素水平与母性态度之间均无关联。生理因素增强了对来自新生儿刺激的接受能力，这使得女性能够在这个关键时期之后表现出母性行为。气味有助于母性行为和婴儿行为的组织，并且参与两者的个体识别。嗅觉也可能参与人类母婴互动的调节。
