Brunton Paula J, Russell John A
Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology, Centre for Integrative Physiology, University of Edinburgh, Hugh Robson Building, George Square, Edinburgh, EH8 9XD, Scotland, UK.
Nat Rev Neurosci. 2008 Jan;9(1):11-25. doi: 10.1038/nrn2280.
A successful pregnancy requires multiple adaptations of the mother's physiology to optimize fetal growth and development, to protect the fetus from adverse programming, to provide impetus for timely parturition and to ensure that adequate maternal care is provided after parturition. Many of these adaptations are organized by the mother's brain, predominantly through changes in neuroendocrine systems, and these changes are primarily driven by the hormones of pregnancy. By contrast, adaptations in the mother's brain during lactation are maintained by external stimuli from the young. The changes in pregnancy are not necessarily innocuous: they may predispose the mother to post-partum mood disorders.
成功怀孕需要母亲的生理机能进行多种适应性变化，以优化胎儿的生长发育，保护胎儿免受不良编程影响，为适时分娩提供动力，并确保产后给予足够的母体护理。其中许多适应性变化是由母亲的大脑组织的，主要通过神经内分泌系统的变化来实现，而这些变化主要由孕期激素驱动。相比之下，哺乳期母亲大脑的适应性变化是由幼崽的外部刺激维持的。孕期的这些变化不一定是无害的：它们可能使母亲易患产后情绪障碍。
