Lewis P R, Hensley M J, Wlodarczyk J, Toneguzzi R C, Westley-Wise V J, Dunn T, Calvert D
Newcastle Environmental Toxicology Research Unit, University of Newcastle, NSW.
Med J Aust. 1998 Nov 2;169(9):459-63. doi: 10.5694/j.1326-5377.1998.tb123366.x.
To investigate the relationship between outdoor air pollution and the respiratory health of children aged 8 to 10 years.
A cross-sectional survey (between October 1993 and December 1993) of children's health and home environment. Summary measures of particulate pollution (levels of particles with an aerodynamic diameter less than 10 microns [PM10] each 6th day) and SO2 (daily mean and maximum hourly values) were estimated for each area (using air quality monitoring station data from July 1993 to June 1994). SETTING AND SURVEY PARTICIPANTS: Parents of 3023 primary school children (Years 3, 4 and 5) from industrial and non-industrial areas with air quality monitoring stations in the Hunter and Illawarra regions of New South Wales.
Reported occurrence of four or more chest colds, four or more attacks of wheezing, and night-time cough without a cold for more than two weeks, all within the previous 12 months.
77% response rate, ranging by area from 66% to 88%. The average annual outdoor air pollution for the nine areas was 18.6-43.7 micrograms/m3 for PM10 and 0.16-0.90 parts per hundred million for SO2. The proportion of children reported to have the main outcome symptoms were: chest colds, 3.0%-9.7%; night cough, 12.3%-30.5%; and wheeze, 3.4%-11.3%. There was no significant association with SO2, but a significant increase in the odds of symptoms per 10 micrograms/m3 increase in PM10 on chest colds (odds ratio [OR], 1.43; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.12-1.82) and night-time cough (OR, 1.34; 95% CI, 1.19-1.53), but not wheeze. Passive smoking was significantly associated with chest colds but not with the other symptoms. Maternal allergy was associated with all three respiratory symptoms, most strongly with wheeze.
These results provide evidence of health effects at lower than expected levels of outdoor air pollution in the Australian setting. They also suggest differences in contributions of environmental and hereditary factors to cough and chest colds compared with wheeze.
调查室外空气污染与8至10岁儿童呼吸系统健康之间的关系。
一项关于儿童健康和家庭环境的横断面调查（1993年10月至1993年12月）。利用1993年7月至1994年6月空气质量监测站的数据，估算每个区域的颗粒物污染（每6天的空气动力学直径小于10微米的颗粒物[PM10]水平）和二氧化硫（日均值和每小时最大值）的汇总指标。
来自新南威尔士州猎人区和伊拉瓦拉地区设有空气质量监测站的工业和非工业区域的3023名小学生（三年级、四年级和五年级）的家长。
报告在过去12个月内出现四次或更多次感冒、四次或更多次喘息发作以及持续两周以上无感冒的夜间咳嗽。
回复率为77%，各区域范围为66%至88%。九个区域的年平均室外空气污染水平为：PM10为18.6 - 43.7微克/立方米，二氧化硫为0.16 - 0.90 ppm。报告有主要观察指标症状的儿童比例为：感冒，3.0% - 9.7%；夜间咳嗽，12.3% - 30.5%；喘息，3.4% - 11.3%。与二氧化硫无显著关联，但PM10每增加10微克/立方米，感冒（比值比[OR]，1.43；95%置信区间[CI]，1.12 -
1.82）和夜间咳嗽（OR，1.34；95% CI，1.19 - 1.53）症状的发生几率显著增加，但喘息症状未增加。被动吸烟与感冒显著相关，但与其他症状无关。母亲过敏与所有三种呼吸道症状相关，与喘息的相关性最强。
这些结果证明在澳大利亚环境中，低于预期水平的室外空气污染对健康有影响。它们还表明，与喘息相比，环境和遗传因素对咳嗽和感冒的影响存在差异。
