Vanderhoof J A
Joint Section of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, USA.
Pediatr Rev. 1998 Dec;19(12):418-22. doi: 10.1542/pir.19-12-418.
The differential diagnosis of chronic diarrhea varies markedly with age. In infants, it is usually a problem with formula intolerance. Because there is up to a 50% crossover intolerance between milk and soy, the infant should be given an extensively hydrolyzed formula. If such intervention is delayed, he or she may develop intractable diarrhea of infancy. Most affected toddlers have either irritable colon of infancy or protracted viral enteritis with low-grade mucosal injury and are consuming hypertonic feedings. In either case, institution of a high-fat, low-carbohydrate diet that includes whole milk often results in significant improvement. Dietary lactose rarely is a problem. A likely cause of diarrhea among children and adolescents is inflammatory bowel disease. With the exception of toddlers, chronic diarrhea suggests the presence of significant organic disease.
慢性腹泻的鉴别诊断因年龄不同而有显著差异。对于婴儿,慢性腹泻通常是配方奶不耐受的问题。由于牛奶和大豆之间存在高达50%的交叉不耐受情况,应给婴儿喂食深度水解配方奶。如果这种干预延迟,婴儿可能会发展为婴儿难治性腹泻。大多数受影响的幼儿患有婴儿过敏性结肠或伴有轻度黏膜损伤的迁延性病毒性肠炎,并且正在食用高渗性食物。在这两种情况下,采用包括全脂牛奶在内的高脂肪、低碳水化合物饮食通常会带来显著改善。饮食中的乳糖很少会成为问题。儿童和青少年腹泻的一个可能原因是炎症性肠病。除幼儿外,慢性腹泻提示存在严重的器质性疾病。