Snow M P, Williges R C
U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio 45433-7521, USA.
Hum Factors. 1998 Sep;40(3):386-402. doi: 10.1518/001872098779591395.
A series of 3 studies was conducted to test free-modulus magnitude estimation as a measure of perceived presence in virtual environments (VEs) and to model the first- and second-order effects of 11 VE system parameters on perceived presence across 5 subtasks. Sequential experimentation techniques were used to build 4 empirical models using polynomial regression. An integrated empirical model of data combined across 2 experiments demonstrated that all significant factors had a positive effect on perceived presence. Three of these parameters--field of view, sound, and head tracking--had almost 3 times as much influence on presence than the other 4 significant parameters, which were visual display resolution, texture mapping, stereopsis, and scene update rate. Sequential experimentation was an efficient tool for building empirical models of perceived presence, but the subjective nature of this phenomenon and individual differences made data bridging across sequential studies problematic. It was concluded that magnitude estimation is a useful measure of perceived presence, and the resulting polynomial regression models can be used to facilitate VE system design decisions. This research has broad application in the selection and design of VE system components and overall design of VE systems.
开展了一系列三项研究，以测试自由模量大小估计作为衡量虚拟环境（VE）中存在感的一种方法，并对11个VE系统参数在5个分任务中对存在感的一阶和二阶效应进行建模。采用序贯实验技术，通过多项式回归建立了4个实证模型。一项整合了两个实验数据的实证模型表明，所有显著因素对存在感都有积极影响。其中三个参数——视野、声音和头部追踪——对存在感的影响几乎是其他四个显著参数的三倍，这四个参数分别是视觉显示分辨率、纹理映射、立体视觉和场景更新率。序贯实验是构建存在感实证模型的有效工具，但这种现象的主观性和个体差异使得跨序贯研究的数据衔接存在问题。研究得出结论，大小估计是衡量存在感的一种有用方法，由此产生的多项式回归模型可用于促进VE系统设计决策。这项研究在VE系统组件的选择和设计以及VE系统的整体设计中具有广泛应用。
