Birtwistle J, Baldwin D
Department of Psychiatry, University of Southampton, Royal South Hants Hospital.
Br J Nurs. 1998;7(14):832-4, 836, 838-41. doi: 10.12968/bjon.1998.7.14.5636.
The neurotransmitter dopamine (DA) and the dopaminergic neurones play an important role in schizophrenia and Parkinson's disease (PD). A decrease in DA in the substantia nigra of the brain has been implicated as the cause of PD. By contrast, it is argued that a functional excess of DA or oversensitivity of certain DA receptors is one of the causal factors in schizophrenia. These factors are reflected in the treatment of both conditions; drugs aimed at increasing DA are prescribed to patients with Parkinson's disease, while most antipsychotic drugs block and reduce the effects of DA. In schizophrenia the antipsychotic effects of traditional 'neuroleptic' drugs such as chlorpromazine are highly correlated with their ability to block DA receptors and reduce the effects of DA. This article examines the role of DA in these two conditions.
神经递质多巴胺（DA）和多巴胺能神经元在精神分裂症和帕金森病（PD）中起着重要作用。大脑黑质中多巴胺水平降低被认为是帕金森病的病因。相比之下，有人认为多巴胺功能亢进或某些多巴胺受体超敏是精神分裂症的致病因素之一。这些因素在这两种疾病的治疗中都有所体现；针对帕金森病患者会开旨在增加多巴胺的药物，而大多数抗精神病药物会阻断并降低多巴胺的作用。在精神分裂症中，传统“抗精神病”药物如氯丙嗪的抗精神病作用与其阻断多巴胺受体并降低多巴胺作用的能力高度相关。本文探讨了多巴胺在这两种疾病中的作用。
