Banegas J R, Rodríguez-Artalejo F, de la Cruz Troca J J, Guallar-Castillón P, del Rey Calero J
Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
Hypertension. 1998 Dec;32(6):998-1002. doi: 10.1161/01.hyp.32.6.998.
Distribution of blood pressure (as per US Joint National Committee VI classification and staging criteria) plus awareness, treatment, and control of hypertension were studied in a representative Spanish population sample of 2021 persons (age range, 35 to 64 years). Pressure was determined in accordance with World Health Organization guidelines. A total of 45.1% of subjects were hypertensive (>/=140/>/=90 mm Hg or undergoing drug therapy); 12% had isolated systolic hypertension, and 8.7% had isolated diastolic hypertension. Pulse pressure was 48.7 mm Hg. Heart rate was 81.4 bpm in untreated hypertensives and 78.9 bpm in normotensives (P<0.05). A substantial proportion of the community burden of blood pressure was attributable to stage 1 (28.3% of subjects), the most frequent category of hypertension, and to the high-normal blood pressure group (17% of subjects). A percentage breakdown showed that among hypertensives, 44.5% were aware of their condition; of these, 71.9% were undergoing drug therapy, and of those being treated, only 15.5% were controlled (5% of hypertensives). Not only are these figures consistent with the fact that Spain has a higher cerebrovascular mortality than other countries such as the United States, but they represent a great potential for improvement, particularly among those groups registering relatively worse data (younger men, rural residents, and unskilled professionals). A decrease of only 1 to 4 mm Hg in average blood pressure could reduce the prevalence of hypertension in Spain by 12.4% to 15.4%.
按照美国联合国家委员会第六版分类和分期标准对血压分布情况以及高血压的知晓率、治疗率和控制率进行了研究，研究对象为西班牙2021名具有代表性的人群样本（年龄范围35至64岁）。血压测定依照世界卫生组织指南进行。共有45.1%的受试者患有高血压（收缩压≥140毫米汞柱和/或舒张压≥90毫米汞柱或正在接受药物治疗）；12%患有单纯收缩期高血压，8.7%患有单纯舒张期高血压。脉压为48.7毫米汞柱。未治疗的高血压患者心率为81.4次/分钟，血压正常者心率为78.9次/分钟（P<0.05）。相当一部分社区血压负担归因于1期高血压（占受试者的28.3%，高血压最常见类型）以及血压正常高值组（占受试者的17%）。百分比细分显示，在高血压患者中，44.5%知晓自己的病情；其中，71.9%正在接受药物治疗，而在接受治疗的患者中，只有15.5%得到控制（占高血压患者的5%）。这些数据不仅与西班牙脑血管死亡率高于美国等其他国家这一事实相符，而且表明有很大的改善潜力，特别是在那些数据相对较差的群体（年轻男性、农村居民和非技术专业人员）中。平均血压仅降低1至4毫米汞柱就能使西班牙高血压患病率降低12.4%至15.4%。
