Bickhardt K, Henze P, Ganter M
Klinik für kleine Klauentiere und forensische Medizin, Tierärztlichen Hochschule Hannover.
Dtsch Tierarztl Wochenschr. 1998 Nov;105(11):413-9.
Clinical and laboratory examinations were carried out in a prospective study from 1978 to 1998 on 454 spontaneously diseased sheep of different breeds aged 2-8 years. Three groups of sheep were defined by plasma concentrations of 3-hydroxybutyrate (3-OHB) and calcium. 214 ewes suffered from ketosis (pregnancy toxaemia, 3-OHB > 1.6 mmol/l), 195 ewes and 5 rams suffered from hypocalcaemia (Ca < 2.0 mmol/l), and 40 ewes were sick with booth diseases simultaneously. Clinical findings differ only slightly in all three groups. In ketosis the time until the onset of clinical signs and the duration of the disease is somewhat longer, while locomotion disturbances are less severe than in hypocalcaemia and in the combination of both. In individual cases a differential diagnosis is not possible on the basis of clinical findings, and also acetonuria is not a reliable criterion. Therefore, a therapy is suggested to treat all three possible forms of disease: daily oral application of Na-propionate, Ca-lactate and K-chloride, and additional subcutanous injection of Ca-borogluconate, vitamin D3, alpha-Tocopherol and selenium at the beginning of the disease. Pathogenesis of both diseases are discussed, recommendations for feeding management are given.
1978年至1998年，对454只2至8岁不同品种的自然发病绵羊进行了一项前瞻性研究，并进行了临床和实验室检查。根据血浆中3-羟基丁酸（3-OHB）和钙的浓度，将绵羊分为三组。214只母羊患有酮病（妊娠毒血症，3-OHB>1.6 mmol/l），195只母羊和5只公羊患有低钙血症（Ca<2.0 mmol/l），40只母羊同时患有这两种疾病。三组的临床症状仅有轻微差异。在酮病中，直到出现临床症状的时间和疾病持续时间稍长，而运动障碍不如低钙血症及两种疾病合并时严重。在个别情况下，根据临床症状无法进行鉴别诊断，而且尿酮也不是一个可靠的标准。因此，建议采用一种疗法来治疗所有三种可能的疾病形式：每天口服丙酸钠、乳酸钙和氯化钾，并在疾病开始时额外皮下注射葡萄糖酸钙、维生素D3、α-生育酚和硒。文中讨论了两种疾病的发病机制，并给出了饲养管理建议。
