El-Sayed M S
Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, School of Human Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, England.
Sports Med. 1998 Nov;26(5):281-92. doi: 10.2165/00007256-199826050-00001.
The effects of exercise on the rheological properties of blood have not received much research attention. Recent, limited evidence indicates that the viscosities of whole blood and plasma increase in response to a variety of exercise protocols. The increase in whole blood viscosity is mainly attributed to an increase in haematocrit and plasma viscosity, whereas the deformability and aggregability of red blood cells remain unaltered. The increases in plasma viscosity and haematocrit have been ascribed to exercise-induced haemoconcentration as a result of fluid transfer from the blood to the interstitial spaces. Although the long term effects of endurance training on blood rheology have been very briefly examined, the exact effect of training has not as yet been determined. However, available cross-sectional and longitudinal studies indicate that the blood of endurance athletes is more dilute and this has been attributed to an expansion of plasma volume as a result of training. It has been suggested that this blood dilutional effect of endurance training may be advantageous in delivering oxygen to the exercising muscles because of a reduced resistance to blood flow. The increase in plasma volume may also contribute to the body water pool and help offset dehydration. The influence of strength and power training on blood rheology is not known.
运动对血液流变学特性的影响尚未得到太多研究关注。最近，有限的证据表明，全血和血浆的粘度会因各种运动方案而增加。全血粘度的增加主要归因于血细胞比容和血浆粘度的增加，而红细胞的变形性和聚集性保持不变。血浆粘度和血细胞比容的增加归因于运动引起的血液浓缩，这是由于液体从血液转移到间质间隙所致。尽管对耐力训练对血液流变学的长期影响进行了非常简要的研究，但训练的确切效果尚未确定。然而，现有的横断面和纵向研究表明，耐力运动员的血液更稀释，这归因于训练导致的血浆量增加。有人认为，耐力训练的这种血液稀释效应可能有利于向运动肌肉输送氧气，因为血流阻力降低。血浆量的增加也可能有助于身体的水池，并有助于抵消脱水。力量和功率训练对血液流变学的影响尚不清楚。
