van Rooij E M, Haagmans B L, de Visser Y E, de Bruin M G, Boersma W, Bianchi A T
Department of Mammalian Virology and Immunology, Institute for Animal Science and Health, Lelystad, Netherlands.
Vet Immunol Immunopathol. 1998 Nov 24;66(2):113-26. doi: 10.1016/s0165-2427(98)00186-x.
Vaccination with naked DNA may be an alternative to conventional vaccines because it combines the efficacy of attenuated vaccines with the biological safety of inactivated vaccines. We recently showed that the vaccination with naked DNA coding for the immunorelevant glycoprotein D (gD) of pseudorabies virus (PRV) induced both antibody and cell-mediated immunity in pigs and provided protection against challenge infection. To determine whether the efficacy of the naked DNA vaccination against PRV could be improved, we compared three sets of variables. First, the efficacy of the naked DNA vaccine coding only for the immunorelevant gD was compared with a cocktail vaccine containing additional plasmids coding for two other immunorelevant glycoproteins, gB and gC. Second, the intramuscular route of vaccination was compared with the intradermal route. Third, the commonly used needle method of inoculation was compared with the needleless Pigjet injector method. Five groups of five pigs were vaccinated three times at 4-weeks intervals and challenged with the virulent NIA-3 strain of PRV 6 weeks after the last vaccination. Results showed that although the cocktail vaccine induced stronger cell-mediated immune responses than the vaccine containing only gD plasmid, both vaccines protected pigs equally well against challenge infection. Intradermal inoculation with a needle induced significantly stronger antibody and cell-mediated immune responses and better protection against challenge infection than intramuscular inoculation. Our data show that the route of administering DNA vaccines in pigs is important for an optimal induction of protective immunity.
裸DNA疫苗接种可能是传统疫苗的一种替代方法，因为它兼具减毒疫苗的效力和灭活疫苗的生物安全性。我们最近发现，用编码伪狂犬病病毒（PRV）免疫相关糖蛋白D（gD）的裸DNA进行疫苗接种可在猪体内诱导抗体和细胞介导的免疫反应，并提供针对强毒感染的保护。为了确定裸DNA疫苗针对PRV的效力是否可以提高，我们比较了三组变量。首先，将仅编码免疫相关gD的裸DNA疫苗的效力与一种混合疫苗进行比较，该混合疫苗包含另外两个编码免疫相关糖蛋白gB和gC的质粒。其次，比较了肌肉内接种途径和皮内接种途径。第三，将常用的注射针接种方法与无针Pigjet注射器接种方法进行了比较。五组猪，每组五头，每隔4周接种三次，并在最后一次接种后6周用PRV的强毒NIA-3株进行攻毒。结果显示，尽管混合疫苗诱导的细胞介导免疫反应比仅含gD质粒的疫苗更强，但两种疫苗对猪攻毒感染的保护效果相同。与肌肉内接种相比，皮内注射针接种诱导的抗体和细胞介导免疫反应明显更强，对攻毒感染的保护效果更好。我们的数据表明，在猪体内接种DNA疫苗的途径对于最佳诱导保护性免疫很重要。
