Có-Rives Inés, Chen Ann Ying-An, Moore Anne C
School of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University College Cork, T12 XF62 Cork, Ireland.
Vaccines (Basel). 2023 Feb 16;11(2):450. doi: 10.3390/vaccines11020450.
The advantages of skin-based vaccination include induction of strong immunity, dose-sparing, and ease of administration. Several technologies for skin-based immunisation in humans are being developed to maximise these key advantages. This route is more conventionally used in veterinary medicine. Skin-based vaccination of pigs is of high relevance due to their anatomical, physiological, and immunological similarities to humans, as well as being a source of zoonotic diseases and their livestock value. We conducted a systematic mapping review, focusing on vaccine-induced immunity and safety after the skin immunisation of pigs. Veterinary vaccines, specifically anti-viral vaccines, predominated in the literature. The safe and potent skin administration to pigs of adjuvanted vaccines, particularly emulsions, are frequently documented. Multiple methods of skin immunisation exist; however, there is a lack of consistent terminology and accurate descriptions of the route and device. Antibody responses, compared to other immune correlates, are most frequently reported. There is a lack of research on the underlying mechanisms of action and breadth of responses. Nevertheless, encouraging results, both in safety and immunogenicity, were observed after skin vaccination that were often comparable to or superior the intramuscular route. Further research in this area will underlie the development of enhanced skin vaccine strategies for pigs, other animals and humans.
基于皮肤的疫苗接种具有诱导强大免疫力、节省剂量和易于给药等优点。目前正在开发多种用于人类基于皮肤免疫的技术，以最大限度地发挥这些关键优势。这种途径在兽医学中更为常用。由于猪在解剖学、生理学和免疫学上与人类相似，并且是人畜共患病的来源及其畜牧价值，基于皮肤的猪疫苗接种具有高度相关性。我们进行了一项系统的图谱综述，重点关注猪皮肤免疫后的疫苗诱导免疫和安全性。兽用疫苗，特别是抗病毒疫苗，在文献中占主导地位。佐剂疫苗，特别是乳剂，对猪进行安全有效的皮肤给药经常有文献记载。存在多种皮肤免疫方法；然而，缺乏一致的术语以及对途径和装置的准确描述。与其他免疫相关指标相比，抗体反应的报道最为频繁。对作用的潜在机制和反应广度缺乏研究。尽管如此，皮肤接种疫苗后在安全性和免疫原性方面都观察到了令人鼓舞的结果，这些结果通常与肌肉注射途径相当或更优。该领域的进一步研究将为开发针对猪、其他动物和人类的增强型皮肤疫苗策略奠定基础。
