Greenlund K J, Giles W H, Keenan N L, Croft J B, Casper M L, Matson-Koffman D
Cardiovascular Health Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
J Womens Health. 1998 Nov;7(9):1125-33. doi: 10.1089/jwh.1998.7.1125.
We sought to examine the prevalence of self-reported multiple cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors (hypertension, high blood cholesterol, diabetes, overweight, and current smoking) among women in 1992 and 1995 in the United States using data from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System. In 1992, 37.5%, 34.4%, and 28.1% of women had zero, one, and two or more of the five risk factors, respectively. In 1995, the respective estimates were 35.5%, 34.3%, and 30%. In both years, the prevalence of two or more risk factors increased with age, decreased with educational level, was higher among black women (lowest among Hispanic women and women of other ethnic groups), and higher among women reporting cost as a barrier to healthcare. The percentage of women with two or more risk factors was higher in 1995 than in 1992 for 35 of 48 states, being statistically significant for 7 states. The percentage of women with at least two risk factors was not significantly lower in 1995 than in 1992 for any state. A higher percentage of women reported having multiple CVD risk factors in 1995 compared with 1992. A multifactorial approach to primary prevention and risk factor reduction should be encouraged to help reduce the prevalence and burden of CVD among women.
我们试图利用行为风险因素监测系统的数据，调查1992年和1995年美国女性中自我报告的多种心血管疾病（CVD）风险因素（高血压、高血胆固醇、糖尿病、超重和当前吸烟）的流行情况。1992年，分别有37.5%、34.4%和28.1%的女性没有、有一个以及有两个或更多这五种风险因素。1995年，相应的估计值分别为35.5%、34.3%和30%。在这两年中，有两个或更多风险因素的流行率随年龄增长而上升，随教育水平下降，在黑人女性中更高（在西班牙裔女性和其他种族女性中最低），在报告费用是医疗保健障碍的女性中更高。在48个州中的35个州，1995年有两个或更多风险因素的女性比例高于1992年，其中7个州具有统计学意义。对于任何一个州，1995年至少有两个风险因素的女性比例都没有显著低于1992年。与1992年相比，1995年报告有多种CVD风险因素的女性比例更高。应鼓励采取多因素方法进行一级预防和降低风险因素，以帮助降低女性中CVD的流行率和负担。
