Greenlund Kurt J, Zheng Zhi Jie, Keenan Nora L, Giles Wayne H, Casper Michele L, Mensah George A, Croft Janet B
Cardiovascular Health Branch, Division of Adult and Community Health, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA.
Arch Intern Med. 2004 Jan 26;164(2):181-8. doi: 10.1001/archinte.164.2.181.
There are few national- and state-level data on multiple cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factor status and trends over time. We examined the prevalence of self-reported multiple CVD risk factors from 1991 through 1999.
The Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System is a state-based telephone survey of adults 18 years or older. Surveys in 1991, 1993, 1995, 1997, and 1999 ascertained reported high blood pressure, high blood cholesterol level, diabetes, obesity, and current smoking status. Trends in the prevalence of persons with each risk factor and of having 2 or more risk factors were calculated. Data were age standardized to the 2000 US population.
From 1991 to 1999, the prevalence of reported high blood pressure increased from 23.8% to 25.4%, high cholesterol levels increased from 24.9% to 27.7%, diabetes increased from 5.5% to 7.1%, obesity increased from 13.5% to 20.3%, and smoking remained at approximately 21%. The prevalence of adults with 2 or more risk factors increased from 23.6% in 1991 to 27.9% in 1999 and significantly increased for both men and women and for all race or ethnic, age, and education groups. Among states, the prevalence of multiple risk factors ranged from 15.0% to 29.9% in 1991 and from 18.7% to 37.1% in 1999. From 1991 to 1999, the prevalence of multiple risk factors increased by 10% or more in 36 states.
The substantial proportion of persons with known multiple risk factors (25% of the population) suggests that increased CVD prevention and risk factor reduction efforts should focus on comprehensive risk reduction strategies.
关于多种心血管疾病（CVD）风险因素状况及随时间变化趋势的国家级和州级数据较少。我们研究了1991年至1999年自我报告的多种CVD风险因素的患病率。
行为风险因素监测系统是一项基于州的针对18岁及以上成年人的电话调查。1991年、1993年、1995年、1997年和1999年的调查确定了报告的高血压、高胆固醇水平、糖尿病、肥胖症及当前吸烟状况。计算了每种风险因素以及具有两种或更多风险因素的人群患病率趋势。数据按2000年美国人口进行年龄标准化。
从1991年到1999年，报告的高血压患病率从23.8%增至25.4%，高胆固醇水平从24.9%增至27.7%，糖尿病从5.5%增至7.1%，肥胖症从13.5%增至20.3%，吸烟率维持在约21%。具有两种或更多风险因素的成年人患病率从1991年的23.6%增至1999年的27.9%，男性和女性以及所有种族或族裔、年龄和教育组均显著增加。在各州中，多种风险因素的患病率在1991年为15.0%至29.9%，在1999年为18.7%至37.1%。从1991年到1999年，36个州的多种风险因素患病率增加了10%或更多。
已知具有多种风险因素的人群比例相当大（占人口的25%），这表明加强CVD预防和降低风险因素的努力应侧重于全面的风险降低策略。
