LLewellyn G C, McCay J A, Brown R D, Musgrove D L, Butterworth L F, Munson A E, White K L
Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Virginia, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, USA.
Food Chem Toxicol. 1998 Dec;36(12):1107-15. doi: 10.1016/s0278-6915(98)00084-2.
Patulin is a mycotoxin produced by many fungal species of the genera Penicillium, Aspergillus and Bryssochamys. Previous literature reports have suggested that patulin is toxic to the immune system. The studies presented were conducted to provide a comprehensive assessment of the effects of patulin on the immune system. Unlike previous reports, the doses of patulin used (0.08, 0.16, 0.32, 0.64, 1.28 and 2.56 mg/kg) were based on predicted human exposure levels. Female B6C3F1 mice were exposed orally to patulin for 28 days. Effects were not observed on final body weight or body weight gain. Relative weight of the liver, spleen, thymus, kidneys with adrenals, and lungs was not affected. Peripheral blood leucocyte and lymphocyte counts were decreased by approximately 30% in the two highest dose groups. The leucocyte differential was not altered. Total spleen cell, total T-cell (CD3+), helper T-cell (CD4+CD8-), B-cell (surface immunoglobulin+) and monocyte (MAC-3+) counts were not changed. Cytotoxic T-cell (CD8+CD4-) counts were increased 50% only by the highest dose. Natural killer cell (NK1.1+CD3-) and monocyte (MAC-1+) counts were increased 30% and 24%, respectively, only in the 0.08 mg/kg group. Humoral immune function as assessed by antibody-forming cell response and serum IgM titre to sheep erythrocytes, and cell-mediated immune function evaluated utilizing natural killer cell activity and the mixed lymphocyte reaction were not altered. Oral exposure to patulin for 28 days did not alter the ability of female B6C3F1 mice to mount either a cell-mediated or humoral immune response.
展青霉素是由青霉属、曲霉属和布氏曲霉属的许多真菌物种产生的一种霉菌毒素。先前的文献报道表明展青霉素对免疫系统有毒性。本研究旨在全面评估展青霉素对免疫系统的影响。与之前的报道不同，所用展青霉素的剂量（0.08、0.16、0.32、0.64、1.28和2.56毫克/千克）是基于预测的人类暴露水平。雌性B6C3F1小鼠经口暴露于展青霉素28天。未观察到对最终体重或体重增加的影响。肝脏、脾脏、胸腺、带肾上腺的肾脏和肺的相对重量未受影响。两个最高剂量组的外周血白细胞和淋巴细胞计数减少了约30%。白细胞分类未改变。总脾细胞、总T细胞（CD3+）、辅助性T细胞（CD4+CD8-）、B细胞（表面免疫球蛋白+）和单核细胞（MAC-3+）计数未改变。仅最高剂量组的细胞毒性T细胞（CD8+CD4-）计数增加了50%。仅在0.08毫克/千克组中，自然杀伤细胞（NK1.1+CD3-）和单核细胞（MAC-1+）计数分别增加了30%和24%。通过抗体形成细胞反应和对绵羊红细胞的血清IgM滴度评估的体液免疫功能，以及利用自然杀伤细胞活性和混合淋巴细胞反应评估的细胞介导免疫功能未改变。雌性B6C3F1小鼠经口暴露于展青霉素28天并未改变其产生细胞介导或体液免疫反应的能力。
