Laederach-Hofmann K, Gerster B I
Einheit Psychosomatik und Psychosoziale Medizin, Universität Bern, Inselspital.
Schweiz Med Wochenschr. 1998 Nov 21;128(47):1840-9.
Establish a list of first year medical students' attitudes, doubts, and knowledge in the fields of organ transplantation and donation.
Anonymized questionnaire handed out to students during class lectures.
183 questionnaires were distributed and 117 returned (participation: 64%). The average age of the students was 21.6 +/- 2.7 years (range 18 to 38 years); the sample included 71 women (60.7%) and 48 men (39.3%). Only 2 students (2%) were not interested in the subject of organ donation. The students knew very little of the legal aspects of organ donation and 1/4 of them thought there was even a Federal law regarding organ transplantation. When asked if they knew whether a law existed in the Canton of Berne, 44% replied yes, but only 24 (20%) knew that this is contradictory. There was no gender difference in the answers to these question. From 57 students (48%) 246 individual comments on doubts and concerns were analyzed. In this respect, the students mainly questioned whether the donor was truly dead when donation took place (n = 48), if illegal transplantation could be eliminated (n = 44) and if transplantation was truly necessary (n = 43). Some also mentioned religious/ethical doubts (n = 42). In regard to organ donation by a living individual, 27 students were concerned about the health of this donor. 20 students had doubts regarding the pressure possibly applied by family members and friends and as many voiced doubts in regard to premature diagnosis of brain death of potential donors. Only 2 students were concerned about the post-mortem presentation. 45 students (48%) indicated discomfort with the donation of certain organs. They ranked the kidney as the first organ to donate, followed by the pancreas, heart, cornea, intestine, lung and liver.
The interest in organ donation and transplantation is already strong in fist year medical students in the pre-clinical stage. However, differences from lay public are not readably detectable at this stage of medical training. Adequate information could influence future physicians in their mediatory role.
列出一年级医学生在器官移植和捐赠领域的态度、疑问及知识情况。
在课堂讲座期间向学生发放匿名问卷。
共发放183份问卷，回收117份（参与率：64%）。学生的平均年龄为21.6±2.7岁（年龄范围18至38岁）；样本包括71名女性（60.7%）和48名男性（39.3%）。只有2名学生（2%）对器官捐赠主题不感兴趣。学生对器官捐赠的法律方面了解甚少，四分之一的学生认为甚至有关于器官移植的联邦法律。当被问及是否知道伯尔尼州是否存在相关法律时，44%的学生回答是，但只有24名（20%）学生知道这是相互矛盾的。这些问题的答案不存在性别差异。对57名学生（48%）的246条关于疑问和担忧的个人评论进行了分析。在这方面，学生主要质疑捐赠发生时捐赠者是否真的死亡（n = 48）、非法移植能否消除（n = 44）以及移植是否真的必要（n = 43）。一些学生还提到了宗教/伦理方面的疑问（n = 42）。关于活体器官捐赠，27名学生担心捐赠者的健康。20名学生对家庭成员和朋友可能施加的压力表示怀疑，同样数量的学生对潜在捐赠者脑死亡的过早诊断表示怀疑。只有2名学生担心死后的呈现方式。45名学生（48%）表示对某些器官的捐赠感到不适。他们将肾脏列为首选捐赠器官，其次是胰腺、心脏、角膜、肠道、肺和肝脏。
临床前阶段的一年级医学生对器官捐赠和移植的兴趣已经很浓厚。然而，在医学培训的这个阶段还无法明显看出与普通公众的差异。充分信息可能会影响未来医生在其中介角色中的表现。
