Burckhardt P
Departement für Innere Medizin, CHUV, Lausanne.
Ther Umsch. 1998 Nov;55(11):712-6.
Although nutrition accounts only for a small percentage of bone mass, it is essential for reaching and maintaining peak bone mass and for preventing accelerated bone loss with age. Calcium, proteins, and vitamin D are the best investigated nutrients, protein- and vitamin D-deficiency becoming frequent with advancing age, vitamin K, trace elements, and phosphorus having additional effects. Excessive intake of animal proteins leads to bone loss via acidotic stimulation of osteoclastic bone resorption, and high salt intake enhances negative calcium balance by increasing renal calcium losses. Dairy products offer an equilibrated Calcium and protein intake, but have to be monitored for their fat content. Adequate nutrition in childhood influences positively bone mass in adulthood, while nutritional supplementation in elderlies can even increase bone mass.
尽管营养在骨量中所占比例仅很小一部分，但对于达到和维持峰值骨量以及预防随年龄增长而加速的骨质流失至关重要。钙、蛋白质和维生素D是研究得最为充分的营养素，随着年龄增长，蛋白质和维生素D缺乏变得越来越常见，维生素K、微量元素和磷也有额外作用。过量摄入动物蛋白会通过酸血症刺激破骨细胞骨吸收导致骨质流失，高盐摄入会因增加肾钙流失而增强负钙平衡。乳制品提供均衡的钙和蛋白质摄入，但必须监测其脂肪含量。儿童期充足的营养对成年期骨量有积极影响，而老年人进行营养补充甚至可以增加骨量。
