Furusawa Y, Quintern L E, Holtschmidt H, Koepke P, Saito M
Space and Particle Radiation Science Research Group, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Chiba, Japan.
Appl Microbiol Biotechnol. 1998 Nov;50(5):597-603. doi: 10.1007/s002530051341.
The available physical and biological broad-band radiometers designed to determine erythema-effective radiation do not show any response or over/underestimate the biologically effective radiation to a high extent in the ultraviolet (UV)A spectral region. The data presented in this paper demonstrate that the biological system used in this study is the first one to make possible measurements of erythema-effective radiation in the sun in the UVA and UVB spectral region. These measurements were performed with a spore-film filter system as well as with spectroradiometers. It was demonstrated that this biotechnological method could be used to determine exact values expressed as minimal erythemal dose (MED). The spore-film system was tested in various field campaigns performed in Germany and in Japan. The seasonal daily variation of UV radiation in Germany determined in the period November 1995 to December 1996 using the spore-film filter system in sunny conditions tallied well with model calculations. The daily dose in Germany measured with the spore-film system close to the summer solstice, in sunny conditions (20.45 MED), was approximately 20 times higher than the lowest value measured close to the winter solstice (0.82 MED), a result which was in accordance with model calculations. The data determined with the spore-film filter system in Sapporo and Naha, Japan, fitted to the erythema-weighted data calculated from spectroradiometric measurements (Brewer), even at low solar radiation angles in a solar spectrum with less UVB but significant UVA. The spore-film dosimeter values were about 103 +/- 8% of the integrated dose of the Brewer instrument. The standard deviation of the spore-film measurements obtained in Japan was 12.8%. The responsivity of the spore-film system towards longer wavelengths within the UVA spectrum was tested with the Okasaki Large Spectrograph with monochromatic radiation. At a wavelength of 365 nm--in a spectral region which is dominant in many tanning lamps and with minor importance for solar radiation in summer conditions--the tested spore-film system gave results that were close (112% compared to the calibration dose) to the calibration dose which was used for irradiation.
现有的用于测定红斑有效辐射的物理和生物宽带辐射计，在紫外线（UV）A光谱区域没有任何响应，或者在很大程度上高估或低估了生物有效辐射。本文给出的数据表明，本研究中使用的生物系统是首个能够测量UVA和UVB光谱区域太阳红斑有效辐射的系统。这些测量是使用孢子膜过滤系统以及光谱辐射计进行的。结果表明，这种生物技术方法可用于确定以最小红斑剂量（MED）表示的精确值。孢子膜系统在德国和日本进行的各种野外活动中进行了测试。1995年11月至1996年12月期间，在德国晴朗天气下使用孢子膜过滤系统测定的紫外线辐射的季节性日变化与模型计算结果吻合良好。在德国，在晴朗天气下（20.45 MED），接近夏至时用孢子膜系统测量的日剂量比接近冬至时测量的最低值（0.82 MED）高出约20倍，这一结果与模型计算相符。在日本札幌和那霸，即使在太阳光谱中紫外线B较少但紫外线A显著、太阳辐射角度较低的情况下，用孢子膜过滤系统测定的数据也与根据光谱辐射测量（布鲁尔）计算的红斑加权数据相符。孢子膜剂量计的值约为布鲁尔仪器积分剂量的103±8%。在日本获得的孢子膜测量的标准偏差为12.8%。使用冈崎大型光谱仪的单色辐射测试了孢子膜系统对UVA光谱内较长波长的响应度。在365纳米波长处——在许多晒黑灯中占主导且在夏季条件下对太阳辐射重要性较小的光谱区域——测试的孢子膜系统给出的结果与用于辐照的校准剂量接近（与校准剂量相比为112%）。
