Glaessel-Brown E E
Journeylines, Boston, MA 02130, USA.
Image J Nurs Sch. 1998;30(4):323-7. doi: 10.1111/j.1547-5069.1998.tb01327.x.
To examine long-term implications of using temporary, nonimmigrant nurse programs to manage fluctuations in the demand for registered nurses.
This discussion is located in the full context of migration--reviewing theories and concepts of labor migration--referring to experience with guest-worker programs worldwide, outlining recent nursing shortages in the United States, describing the Immigration Nursing Relief Act (INRA), and raising questions for nurses in the United States and in the global marketplace.
Review of scholarly literature on international migration, existing studies on nurse migration to the United States, and original research, conducted between 1992 and 1994, for the Immigration Nursing Relief Advisory Committee (INRAC) Report.
Policy analysis of theories, concepts, and perspectives related to nurse migration.
In the United States, highly skilled foreign nurses tend to complement rather than displace local labor. Yet recruiting foreign-educated nurses for entry-level jobs perpetuates patterns of dependency in the sending country and delays creative solutions to staff development in the host country. Nonimmigrant status creates a vulnerable workforce. There may be a disparity between the ideal of nurse migration as collaborative exchange and the reality of institutionalized occupational migration networks.
While foreign nurse recruitment might solve short-term needs, repetitive temporary nurse migration programs create long-term consequences that are not in the best interests of the profession. The absence of consistent policy creates an opportunity for nursing to take an active role in developing the rules and direction of future nurse migration.
探讨利用临时非移民护士项目来应对注册护士需求波动的长期影响。
本讨论置于移民的整体背景下——回顾劳动力移民的理论和概念——参考全球范围内的外来务工人员项目经验，概述美国近期的护士短缺情况，描述《移民护士救济法案》（INRA），并向美国及全球市场的护士提出问题。
对国际移民学术文献的综述、关于护士移民美国的现有研究，以及1992年至1994年期间为移民护士救济咨询委员会（INRAC）报告开展的原创研究。
对与护士移民相关的理论、概念和观点进行政策分析。
在美国，高技能外国护士往往补充而非取代本地劳动力。然而，招聘受过外国教育的护士从事入门级工作，会使输出国长期存在依赖模式，并延缓东道国解决员工发展问题的创新方案。非移民身份造就了脆弱的劳动力群体。护士移民作为合作交流的理想状态与制度化职业移民网络的现实情况之间可能存在差距。
虽然招聘外国护士可能解决短期需求，但重复性的临时护士移民项目会产生长期后果，这不符合该行业的最佳利益。缺乏一致的政策为护理行业提供了一个机会，使其能够在制定未来护士移民的规则和方向方面发挥积极作用。
