Ludwig M
Department of Physiology, University of Edinburgh Medical School, UK.
J Neuroendocrinol. 1998 Dec;10(12):881-95. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2826.1998.00279.x.
In addition to the release of neurotransmitters from their axon terminals, several neuronal populations are able to release their products from their dendrites. The cell bodies and dendrites of vasopressin- and oxytocin-producing neurones are mainly located within the hypothalamic supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei and neuropeptide release within the magnocellular nuclei has been shown in vitro and in vivo. Local release is induced by a range of physiological and pharmacological stimuli, and is regulated by a number of brain areas; locally released peptides are mainly involved in pre- and postsynaptic modulation of the electrical activity of magnocellular neurones. Spatial and temporal differences between peptide release within the nuclei and that from the distant axonal varicosities indicate that the release mechanisms are at least partially independent, supporting the hypothesis of locally regulated dendritic release of vasopressin and oxytocin. In this respect, magnocellular neurones show similarities to other neuronal populations and thus autoregulation of neuronal activity by dendritic neuromodulator release may be a general phenomenon within the brain.
除了从轴突终末释放神经递质外，一些神经元群体还能够从其树突释放产物。产生血管加压素和催产素的神经元的细胞体和树突主要位于下丘脑视上核和室旁核内，并且在体外和体内均已显示大细胞核内有神经肽释放。局部释放由一系列生理和药理刺激诱导，并受多个脑区调节；局部释放的肽主要参与大细胞神经元电活动的突触前和突触后调节。核内肽释放与远处轴突膨体肽释放之间的时空差异表明，释放机制至少部分独立，这支持了血管加压素和催产素局部调节树突释放的假说。在这方面，大细胞神经元与其他神经元群体表现出相似性，因此树突神经调质释放对神经元活动的自动调节可能是脑内的一种普遍现象。
