McCool W F, Stone-Condry M, Bradford H M
University of Pennsylvania School of Nursing, Philadelphia 19104, USA.
J Nurse Midwifery. 1998 Nov-Dec;43(6):406-30. doi: 10.1016/s0091-2182(98)00065-2.
Breast health care was rarely acknowledged in the health and science fields prior to this century and has only begun, in recent years, to receive attention outside of pregnancy/lactation or cancer screening and treatment. Yet much health care is involved with regard to this reproductive and sexual organ. With any group of clients, practitioners of women's health care must address an assortment of breast health matters. This article offers an overview of the history of breast health care, the epidemiology of benign breast conditions and cancer, the anatomy and physiology of the breast, and breast development over the lifespan. Also presented are a review of breast assessment and examination, suggestions for routine care of the breast, and an overview of major health issues related to this reproductive organ. Health issues addressed include, among others, nodular and cystic changes, nipple discharge, breast/nipple pain, mastitis, elective alterations, and cancer. Discussion is focused on the latest approaches to optimal breast health care.
在本世纪之前，乳房保健在健康和科学领域很少受到关注，直到近年来才开始在妊娠/哺乳期或癌症筛查与治疗之外受到关注。然而，对于这个生殖和性器官，涉及到许多保健问题。对于任何一组客户，女性保健从业者都必须处理各种各样的乳房健康问题。本文概述了乳房保健的历史、良性乳房疾病和癌症的流行病学、乳房的解剖学和生理学以及一生中乳房的发育。还介绍了乳房评估和检查的综述、乳房日常护理的建议以及与这个生殖器官相关的主要健康问题的概述。所涉及的健康问题包括结节性和囊性变化、乳头溢液、乳房/乳头疼痛、乳腺炎、选择性改变和癌症等。讨论聚焦于优化乳房保健的最新方法。
