Padungtod C, Lasley B L, Christiani D C, Ryan L M, Xu X
Occupational Health Program, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
J Occup Environ Med. 1998 Dec;40(12):1038-47. doi: 10.1097/00043764-199812000-00002.
Serum follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), and testosterone levels, as well as urinary levels of FSH, LH, and E1C, a metabolite of testosterone, were measured to investigate the adverse reproductive effects of organophosphate pesticides among Chinese factory workers who were occupationally exposed to ethylparathion and methamidophos. Thirty-four exposed workers were randomly chosen and recruited from a large pesticide factory, and 44 unexposed workers were selected from a nearby textile factory. A quantitative pesticide exposure assessment was performed among a subset of the exposed and unexposed workers. Information on potential confounders was collected in an interview. A single blood sample was collected at the end of a work shift, when each subject also donated a semen sample. Three first-voided urine samples were collected from each worker on 3 consecutive days. Urinary p-nitrophenol level at 1 hour after the work shift correlated with serum (r = 0.71, P < 0.01) and urinary (r = 0.51, P = 0.04) FSH levels. Stratifying by the subjects' exposure status, we found a significant negative correlation among the exposed group between urinary FSH level and sperm count (r = -0.61, P < 0.01) and between urinary FSH level and sperm concentration (r = -0.53, P = 0.03). Pesticide exposure alone was significantly associated with serum LH level (beta [coefficient of exposure effect] = 0.79; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.42, 1.16) but not with serum FSH or testosterone or with any urinary hormone levels. With adjustment for age, rotating shift work, current cigarette smoking, and current alcohol consumption, exposure significantly increased the serum LH level by 1.1 mIU/mL (95% CI = 0.34, 1.82). Meanwhile, the serum FSH level was slightly elevated (beta [coefficient of exposure effect] = 1.38; 95% CI = -0.09, 2.85) and the serum testosterone level was decreased (beta = -55.13; 95% CI = -147.24, 37) with increased pesticide exposure. Age and rotating shift work appeared to act as confounders. We conclude that organophosphate pesticides have a small effect on male reproductive hormones, suggestive of a secondary hormonal disturbance after testicular damage.
测量血清促卵泡激素（FSH）、促黄体生成素（LH）和睾酮水平，以及FSH、LH和睾酮代谢产物E1C的尿液水平，以调查职业接触对硫磷和甲胺磷的中国工厂工人中有机磷农药对生殖的不良影响。从一家大型农药厂随机挑选并招募了34名接触农药的工人，从附近一家纺织厂挑选了44名未接触农药的工人。对部分接触和未接触农药的工人进行了定量农药接触评估。通过访谈收集了潜在混杂因素的信息。在一个工作日结束时采集了一份血样，此时每个受试者还捐献了一份精液样本。连续3天从每位工人收集3份首次晨尿样本。工作日结束后1小时的尿对硝基苯酚水平与血清FSH水平（r = 0.71，P < 0.01）和尿FSH水平（r = 0.51，P = 0.04）相关。按受试者的接触状态分层，我们发现接触组中尿FSH水平与精子计数（r = -0.61，P < 0.01）以及尿FSH水平与精子浓度（r = -0.53，P = 0.03）之间存在显著负相关。仅农药接触与血清LH水平显著相关（β[接触效应系数]= 0.79；95%置信区间[CI]= 0.42，1.16），但与血清FSH或睾酮或任何尿激素水平无关。在调整年龄、轮班工作、当前吸烟和当前饮酒情况后，接触使血清LH水平显著升高1.1 mIU/mL（95% CI = 0.34，1.82）。同时，随着农药接触增加，血清FSH水平略有升高（β[接触效应系数]= 1.38；95% CI = -0.09，2.85），血清睾酮水平降低（β = -55.13；95% CI = -147.24，37）。年龄和轮班工作似乎起到了混杂因素的作用。我们得出结论，有机磷农药对男性生殖激素有轻微影响，提示睾丸损伤后存在继发性激素紊乱。
