Modification of laying hen cages to improve behavior.

Although they have many disadvantages for welfare, including for behavior, laying hen cages also have advantages. For example, aggression and cannibalism (or the need for beak trimming to prevent these) are usually less than in other systems, benefiting both the birds and the producer. There have been three approaches to reducing other behavioral problems. First, the design of conventional cages has been improved, which has had favorable effects on some aspects of behavior, such as feeding. Second, cages for larger groups of birds have been tested; for example, the getaway cage has increased behavioral freedom but has also increased problems such as aggression and cannibalism. Third, novel cages have been designed for conventional group sizes. Many of the behavioral problems-for producers, birds, or both--occurring in conventional cages can be reduced or prevented by increasing cage area (including width) and height and by providing a nest box, dust bath, and perch. Some of these modifications could be implemented at negligible cost to the producer. Others will be commercially viable if premium prices are available for eggs or if legislation on housing of laying hens changes.