Steverink D W, Soede N M, Bouwman E G, Kemp B
Wageningen Institute of Animal Sciences, Wageningen Agricultural University, The Netherlands.
Anim Reprod Sci. 1998 Dec 31;54(2):109-19. doi: 10.1016/s0378-4320(98)00146-8.
The aim of the present study was to investigate the volume of and number of spermatozoa in semen backflow during and after insemination, and the effect of backflow on fertilisation results assessed at day 5 of pregnancy. Multiparous sows (n = 140) were artificially inseminated with either (1, 3 or 6) x 10(9) mixed spermatozoa from three boars in a constant volume of 80 ml. Backflow of semen was measured three times: during insemination (M1); during the first half hour after insemination (M2); and from 0.5 h until about 2.5 h after insemination (M3). Transrectal ultrasonography was performed at intervals of 4 h to determine the time of ovulation. Sows were sacrificed at 120 +/- 0.4 h after ovulation to assess the results of fertilisation. Every sow had some backflow and the variation in volume, and number of spermatozoa within the backflow was high. The average semen backflow within 2.5 h after insemination was 70 +/- 3.4% of the volume and 25 +/- 1.4% of the spermatozoa of the inseminated dosage. The concentration of the backflow (% of the inseminated dosage) decreased with time after insemination from 65% at M1 to 40% and 26% at M2 and M3, respectively. The correlations between volume and number of spermatozoa were high: r = 0.97, r = 0.73 and r = 0.81 in M1, M2 and M3, respectively. More than 5% of the inseminated spermatozoa in backflow during insemination affected fertilisation negatively in those sows inseminated with 1 x 10(9) spermatozoa (P < 0.05). Backflow after insemination had no effect on fertilisation results (P > 0.05). Timing of insemination relative to ovulation and oestrus were not related to backflow during or after insemination (P > 0.05). Of the sows which had backflow, those of parity 1 tended to have the highest proportion of sows with more than 5 ml backflow (47%; n = 8 of 17) compared with sows from parity 2 and higher (24%; n = 14 of 59) (P = 0.075). It was concluded that excessive backflow of semen during insemination had a negative effect on fertilisation results when sows where inseminated with only 1 x 10(9) spermatozoa. Causes of variation in backflow between sows were not clearly identifiable.
本研究的目的是调查授精期间及授精后精液回流中精子的体积和数量，以及回流对妊娠第5天评估的受精结果的影响。经产母猪（n = 140）用来自三头公猪的（1、3或6）×10⁹混合精子进行人工授精，总体积为80 ml。测量精液回流三次：授精期间（M1）；授精后前半小时（M2）；以及授精后0.5小时至约2.5小时（M3）。每隔4小时进行经直肠超声检查以确定排卵时间。在排卵后120±0.4小时处死母猪以评估受精结果。每头母猪都有一些回流，回流中精液的体积和精子数量变化很大。授精后2.5小时内精液平均回流体积为授精剂量体积的70±3.4%，精子数量为授精剂量精子数量的25±1.4%。回流浓度（占授精剂量的百分比）在授精后随时间下降，M1时为65%，M2和M3时分别为40%和26%。M1、M2和M3中精子体积与数量之间的相关性很高：r分别为0.97、0.73和0.81。授精时精液回流中超过5%的授精精子对用1×10⁹精子授精的母猪受精有负面影响（P < 0.05）。授精后回流对受精结果无影响（P > 0.05）。授精时间相对于排卵和发情的时间与授精期间或授精后的回流无关（P > 0.05）。在有回流的母猪中，与第2胎及以上的母猪（24%；59头中的14头）相比，第1胎母猪中回流超过5 ml的母猪比例往往最高（47%；17头中的8头）（P = 0.075）。得出的结论是，当母猪仅用1×10⁹精子授精时，授精期间精液过度回流对受精结果有负面影响。母猪之间回流变化的原因尚不清楚。
