Vizi E S, Kiss J P
Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest.
Hippocampus. 1998;8(6):566-607. doi: 10.1002/(SICI)1098-1063(1998)8:6<566::AID-HIPO2>3.0.CO;2-W.
Hippocampus plays a crucial role in important brain functions (e.g. memory, learning) thus in the past two decades this brain region became a major objective of neuroscience research. During this period large number of anatomical, neurochemical and electrophysiological data have been accumulated. While excellent reviews have been published on the anatomy and electrophysiology of hippocampal formation, the neurochemistry of this area has not been thoroughly surveyed. Therefore the aim of this review is to summarize the neurochemical and pharmacological data on the release of the major neurotransmitters found in the hippocampal region: glutamate (GLU), gamma-amino butyric acid (GABA), acetylcholine (ACh), noradrenaline (NA) and serotonin (5-HT). In addition, this review analyzes the synaptic and nonsynaptic interactions between hippocampal neuronal elements and overviews how auto- and heteroreceptors are involved in the presynaptic modulation of transmitter release. The presented data clearly show that transmitters released from axon terminals without synaptic contact play an important role in the fine tuning of communication between neurons within a neuronal circuit.
海马体在重要的大脑功能（如记忆、学习）中起着关键作用，因此在过去二十年里，这个脑区成为神经科学研究的主要目标。在此期间，积累了大量的解剖学、神经化学和电生理数据。虽然已经发表了关于海马结构的解剖学和电生理学的优秀综述，但该区域的神经化学尚未得到全面研究。因此，本综述的目的是总结海马区中主要神经递质释放的神经化学和药理学数据：谷氨酸（GLU）、γ-氨基丁酸（GABA）、乙酰胆碱（ACh）、去甲肾上腺素（NA）和5-羟色胺（5-HT）。此外，本综述分析了海马神经元元件之间的突触和非突触相互作用，并概述了自身受体和异源受体如何参与递质释放的突触前调制。所呈现的数据清楚地表明，从无突触接触的轴突终末释放的递质在神经回路内神经元之间通信的精细调节中起着重要作用。
