Ludwick R, Sedlak C A
Kent State University, OH, USA.
Nursingconnections. 1998 Fall;11(3):12-8.
Through the stories told by these students it is evident that beginning students do think critically and act ethically during their first clinical nursing course. Ethical dilemmas involving students and staff, patients, faculty, and peers depict beginning students' development of values as they evolve into professionals. The conscientiousness and caring displayed by beginning students is apparent from students' shared perspectives. It is particularly encouraging that they seemed to focus more on values and cognitive aspects of patient care than on primarily technical psychomotor skills such as taking blood pressures and giving injections. Teaching beginning students is a challenge because the educator's role is twofold: Help students build a foundation for developing ongoing critical thinking abilities and help students develop an ethical view of patient care. Further exploration of critical thinking and ethical decision making should emphasize the mutual student-educator roles in facilitating self-awareness, through conscious awareness of their beliefs, values, feelings, and multiple perspectives. Because nursing emphasizes the human element and student nurses deal with human lives, educators play a vital role in facilitating the development of beginning students as critical thinkers and as ethical nurses. The most knowledgeable and most psychologically mature faculty are needed to teach beginning nursing students. Through ongoing reflection and critical thinking, nurse educators can help beginning students to identify and develop multiple perspectives on the ethics of nursing practice.
通过这些学生讲述的故事可以明显看出，护理专业的初学者在他们的第一门临床护理课程中确实会进行批判性思考并秉持道德行事。涉及学生与工作人员、患者、教师和同伴的伦理困境描绘了初学者在成长为专业人员过程中的价值观发展。从学生们共同的视角可以明显看出初学者所展现出的认真负责和关爱之情。特别令人鼓舞的是，他们似乎更多地关注患者护理的价值观和认知方面，而非主要关注诸如测量血压和注射等技术性的心理运动技能。教授护理专业的初学者是一项挑战，因为教育者的角色具有双重性：帮助学生为持续发展批判性思维能力奠定基础，并帮助学生形成对患者护理的伦理观念。对批判性思维和伦理决策的进一步探索应强调学生与教育者在促进自我意识方面的相互作用，即通过有意识地认识自己的信念、价值观、情感和多种观点来实现。由于护理强调人文因素，而护理专业的学生要处理人的生命问题，所以教育者在促进初学者成长为批判性思考者和有道德的护士方面起着至关重要的作用。需要最有知识且心理最成熟的教师来教授护理专业的初学者。通过持续的反思和批判性思维，护理教育者可以帮助初学者识别并形成对护理实践伦理的多种观点。
