Howald H
Ann Hum Biol. 1976 Sep;3(5):455-62. doi: 10.1080/03014467600001721.
Muscle biopsies were obtained from eleven pairs of monozygotic and six pairs of dizygotic twins, and maximum oxygen consumption (Vo2) was measured. There were no differences between the two groups of twins in their intra-pair variation, except for two enzyme systems, glyceraldehyde-3P-dehydrogenase (GAPDH) and 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA-dehydrogenase (HAD). The effects of training were assessed by comparing the differences between twins when one member of each pair undertook a 23 week training programme. There were significant differences in VO2 max, heart volume and maximum oxygen pulse after training, and some significant cytological differences. It was concluded that environmental factors were stronger than genetic influences, as far as physical performance was concerned.
从11对单卵双胞胎和6对双卵双胞胎身上获取肌肉活检样本，并测量最大耗氧量（Vo2）。除了两种酶系统，即甘油醛-3-磷酸脱氢酶（GAPDH）和3-羟酰基辅酶A脱氢酶（HAD）外，两组双胞胎在同卵双胞胎之间的变异方面没有差异。通过比较每对双胞胎中一名成员进行为期23周的训练计划后双胞胎之间的差异来评估训练效果。训练后，最大摄氧量、心脏容积和最大氧脉搏存在显著差异，并且在细胞学上也存在一些显著差异。得出的结论是，就身体表现而言，环境因素比遗传影响更强。
