Zain R B, Ikeda N, Gupta P C, Warnakulasuriya S, van Wyk C W, Shrestha P, Axéll T
Department of Oral Pathology, Oral Medicine and Periodontology, University of Malaya, Malaysia.
J Oral Pathol Med. 1999 Jan;28(1):1-4. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0714.1999.tb01985.x.
A variety of betel/areca nut/tobacco habits have been reviewed and categorized because of their possible causal association with oral cancer and various oral precancerous lesions and conditions, and on account of their widespread occurrence in different parts of the world. At a recent workshop in Kuala Lumpur it was recommended that "quid" be defined as "a substance, or mixture of substances, placed in the mouth or chewed and remaining in contact with the mucosa, usually containing one or both of the two basic ingredients, tobacco and/or areca nut, in raw or any manufactured or processed form." Clear delineations on contents of the quid (areca nut quid, tobacco quid, and tobacco and areca nut quid) are recommended as absolute criteria with finer subdivisions to be added if necessary. The betel quid refers to any quid wrapped in betel leaf and is therefore a specific variety of quid. The workshop proposed that quid-related lesions should be categorized conceptually into two categories: first, those that are diffusely outlined and second, those localized at the site where a quid is regularly placed. Additional or expanded criteria and guidelines were proposed to define, describe or identify lesions such as chewer's mucosa, areca nut chewer's lesion, oral submucous fibrosis and other quid-related lesions. A new clinical entity, betel-quid lichenoid lesion, was also proposed to describe an oral lichen planus-like lesion associated with the betel quid habit.
由于槟榔/槟榔果/烟草习惯可能与口腔癌以及各种口腔癌前病变和状况存在因果关联，且在世界不同地区广泛存在，因此对其进行了综述和分类。在吉隆坡最近举办的一次研讨会上，建议将“咀嚼物”定义为“置于口中咀嚼并与黏膜保持接触的一种物质或物质混合物，通常含有烟草和/或槟榔果这两种基本成分中的一种或两种，呈生的或任何制成品或加工形式”。建议对咀嚼物（槟榔果咀嚼物、烟草咀嚼物以及烟草和槟榔果咀嚼物）的成分进行明确界定，作为绝对标准，必要时可增加更细致的分类。槟榔咀嚼物是指用槟榔叶包裹的任何咀嚼物，因此是一种特定类型的咀嚼物。该研讨会提议，与咀嚼物相关的病变在概念上应分为两类：第一类是边界模糊的病变，第二类是局限于经常放置咀嚼物部位的病变。还提出了额外的或扩展的标准及指南，以定义、描述或识别诸如咀嚼者黏膜、槟榔果咀嚼者病变、口腔黏膜下纤维化及其他与咀嚼物相关的病变。还提出了一种新的临床实体——槟榔咀嚼物苔藓样病变，用于描述与槟榔咀嚼物习惯相关的类似口腔扁平苔藓的病变。
