Smith C M, Pristach C A, Cartagena M
Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, 14214, USA.
Psychiatr Serv. 1999 Jan;50(1):91-4. doi: 10.1176/ps.50.1.91.
Signs and symptoms of nicotine withdrawal and alterations in psychopathology were evaluated among acutely ill psychiatric patients admitted to a hospital with a smoking ban. It was hypothesized that smokers would experience symptoms of withdrawal and that these symptoms would aggravate and confound psychiatric symptoms.
Sixty acute psychiatric inpatients, 44 of whom were smokers, were assessed on three consecutive days using the Nicotine Withdrawal Checklist (NWC) and the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS).
BPRS scores were significantly and positively correlated from day 1 through day 3, as were NWC scores. Mean BPRS scores declined significantly from day 1 to day 3, and mean NWC scores declined significantly from day 1 to day 2. Although smokers reported increased tension over the three days and a greater persistence of anxiety compared with nonsmokers, no statistically significant differences in overall BPRS scores were found between the two groups. In contrast, symptoms of nicotine withdrawal occurred significantly more frequently among smokers and were statistically significantly correlated with scores on the Fagerstrom Tolerance Questionnaire, which assesses the degree of nicotine dependence. Despite subjects' reports of feeling distressed and of experiencing nicotine withdrawal symptoms, abrupt cessation of smoking did not significantly affect either the severity or the improvement of psychopathological symptoms during hospitalization. No specific diagnostic group appeared to be selectively sensitive to nicotine withdrawal symptoms.
No immediate benefits or adverse effects from the smoking ban were detected. No compelling reasons to reverse the smoking ban were observed.
在一家实施禁烟的医院里，对急性病精神病患者的尼古丁戒断症状和精神病理学改变进行评估。研究假设为吸烟者会出现戒断症状，且这些症状会加重并混淆精神症状。
连续三天使用尼古丁戒断检查表（NWC）和简明精神病评定量表（BPRS）对60名急性精神病住院患者进行评估，其中44名是吸烟者。
从第1天到第3天，BPRS评分与NWC评分均呈显著正相关。BPRS平均评分从第1天到第3天显著下降，NWC平均评分从第1天到第2天显著下降。尽管吸烟者报告在三天内紧张感增加，且焦虑持续时间比不吸烟者更长，但两组之间的总体BPRS评分没有统计学上的显著差异。相比之下，吸烟者出现尼古丁戒断症状的频率显著更高，且与评估尼古丁依赖程度的法格斯特龙耐受问卷得分在统计学上显著相关。尽管受试者报告感到痛苦并出现尼古丁戒断症状，但突然戒烟在住院期间并未显著影响精神病理症状的严重程度或改善情况。没有特定的诊断组似乎对尼古丁戒断症状有选择性敏感。
未发现禁烟带来的直接益处或不良影响。未观察到有令人信服的理由来撤销禁烟规定。
