动物DNA病毒是如何进入细胞核的？

How do animal DNA viruses get to the nucleus?

作者信息

Kasamatsu H, Nakanishi A

机构信息

Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology and Molecular Biology Institute, University of California at Los Angeles 90095, USA.

出版信息

Annu Rev Microbiol. 1998;52:627-86. doi: 10.1146/annurev.micro.52.1.627.

DOI:10.1146/annurev.micro.52.1.627

PMID:9891810

Abstract

Genome and pre-genome replication in all animal DNA viruses except poxviruses occurs in the cell nucleus (Table 1). In order to reproduce, an infecting virion enters the cell and traverses through the cytoplasm toward the nucleus. Using the cell's own nuclear import machinery, the viral genome then enters the nucleus through the nuclear pore complex. Targeting of the infecting virion or viral genome to the multiplication site is therefore an essential process in productive viral infection as well as in latent infection and transformation. Yet little is known about how infecting genomes of animal DNA viruses reach the nucleus in order to reproduce. Moreover, this nuclear locus for viral multiplication is remarkable in that the sizes and composition of the infectious particles vary enormously. In this article, we discuss virion structure, life cycle to reproduce infectious particles, viral protein's nuclear import signal, and viral genome nuclear targeting.

摘要

除痘病毒外，所有动物DNA病毒的基因组和前基因组复制均发生在细胞核中（表1）。为了进行繁殖，感染性病毒粒子进入细胞并穿过细胞质向细胞核移动。利用细胞自身的核输入机制，病毒基因组随后通过核孔复合体进入细胞核。因此，将感染性病毒粒子或病毒基因组靶向到增殖位点是病毒有效感染以及潜伏感染和转化过程中的一个重要过程。然而，关于动物DNA病毒的感染性基因组如何到达细胞核进行繁殖，人们知之甚少。此外，这个病毒增殖的核位点很显著，因为感染性颗粒的大小和组成差异极大。在本文中，我们将讨论病毒粒子结构、产生感染性颗粒的生命周期、病毒蛋白的核输入信号以及病毒基因组的核靶向。