Naqvi Saba, Panghal Archna, Flora S J S
Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Raebareli, India.
Front Neurosci. 2020 Jun 9;14:494. doi: 10.3389/fnins.2020.00494. eCollection 2020.
Central nervous system (CNS) disorders especially neurodegenerative disorders are the major challenge for public health and demand the great attention of researchers to protect people against them. In past few decades, different treatment strategies have been adopted, but their therapeutic efficacy are not enough and have only shown partial mitigation of symptoms. Blood-brain barrier (BBB) and blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier (BSCFB) guard the CNS from harmful substances and pose as the major challenges in delivering drugs into CNS for treatment of CNS complications such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), Huntington's disease (HD), stroke, epilepsy, brain tumors, multiple sclerosis (MS), and encephalitis, etc. Nanotechnology has come out as an exciting and promising new platform of treating neurological disorders and has shown great potential to overcome problems related to the conventional treatment approaches. Molecules can be nanoengineered to carry out multiple specific functions such as to cross the BBB, target specific cell or signaling pathway, respond to endogenous stimuli, and act as a vehicle for gene delivery, support nerve regeneration and cell survival. In present review, the role of nanocarrier systems such as liposomes, micelles, solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNPs), dendrimers, and nanoemulsions for delivery of various neurotherapeutic agents has been discussed, besides this, their mechanism of action, and nanoformulation of different neuroprotective agents like curcumin, edaravone, nerve growth factors in CNS disorders like Alzheimer's, Parkinsonism, epilepsy, stroke, and brain tumors has been reviewed.
中枢神经系统（CNS）疾病，尤其是神经退行性疾病，是公共卫生面临的重大挑战，需要研究人员高度关注以保护人们免受其害。在过去几十年中，已采用了不同的治疗策略，但其治疗效果并不理想，仅能部分缓解症状。血脑屏障（BBB）和血脑脊液屏障（BSCFB）保护中枢神经系统免受有害物质侵害，同时也成为将药物输送到中枢神经系统以治疗中枢神经系统并发症（如阿尔茨海默病（AD）、帕金森病（PD）、亨廷顿病（HD）、中风、癫痫、脑肿瘤、多发性硬化症（MS）和脑炎等）的主要障碍。纳米技术已成为治疗神经疾病的一个令人兴奋且有前景的新平台，并显示出克服传统治疗方法相关问题的巨大潜力。分子可以进行纳米工程设计以执行多种特定功能，例如穿过血脑屏障、靶向特定细胞或信号通路、对内源性刺激作出反应，以及作为基因递送载体、支持神经再生和细胞存活。在本综述中，除了讨论脂质体、胶束、固体脂质纳米粒（SLNPs）、树枝状大分子和纳米乳剂等纳米载体系统在递送各种神经治疗药物中的作用外，还综述了它们的作用机制，以及姜黄素、依达拉奉、神经生长因子等不同神经保护剂在阿尔茨海默病、帕金森病、癫痫、中风和脑肿瘤等中枢神经系统疾病中的纳米制剂。
