Aspects on endolymphatic sac morphology and function.

Morphological evidence indicate that the main function of the endolymphatic sac is to act as a reabsorptive and defensive mechanism for the inner ear. This activity is markedly enhanced in labyrinthine trauma, such as injection of foreign particles into the labyrinth, blocking of the endolymphatic duct, and cryosurgical destruction of vestibular sensory epithelia. Light and dark epithelial cells of the intermediate portion of the sac are capable of reabsorbing endolymph and digesting cellular debris respectively. The extensive capillary network surrounding the endolymphatic sac exhibits endothelial characteristics suggestive of active fluid transport. The "dynamic-flow theory" of endolymph circulation suggests that a radial-flow should be considered for energy metabolism and ion exchange around the sensory cell regions whereas a longitudinal-flow should be considered for reabsorption of endolymph and disposal of high molecular waist products and debris by the endolymphatic sac. The earlier concepts of endolymph circulation thus need not any longer be considered conflicting.