Latarjet R
Bull Cancer. 1976 Jan-Mar;63(1):1-10.
The pollution phenomenon groups the effects of small doses of radiation on large populations. These effects on Man are not directly accessible. One must: a) consider some epidemiological statistics (cosmic radiation at high altitudes; radioactivity from granitic surroundings); b) extrapolate from datas obtained with high doses; c) extrapolate from datas obtained with low doses in micro-organisms or mammalian cells in vitro. The interpolation scheme of Abrahamson et al. is so available for mutagenicity. The question of a threshold remains theoretical, although radiation-induced carcinogenesis often displays a dose-effects curve with a well market threshold. A new concept, that of a "practical threshold" is developped, which may be of great usefulness. The main genetic considerations are listed upon which the present international admissible doses are based. Finally, in order to establish quantitative comparisons between chemical and radiation carcinogenic pollution, the concept of "rad equivalents" for the main chemical mutagens is stressed.
污染现象涵盖了小剂量辐射对大量人群的影响。这些对人类的影响无法直接观察到。必须：a）考虑一些流行病学统计数据（高海拔地区的宇宙辐射；花岗岩环境中的放射性）；b）从高剂量获得的数据进行外推；c）从体外微生物或哺乳动物细胞中低剂量获得的数据进行外推。亚伯拉罕森等人的插值方案可用于致突变性研究。阈值问题仍然是理论上的，尽管辐射诱导的致癌作用通常显示出具有明显阈值的剂量效应曲线。一个新的概念，即“实际阈值”被提出，这可能非常有用。列出了当前国际可接受剂量所依据的主要遗传学考虑因素。最后，为了在化学和辐射致癌污染之间进行定量比较，强调了主要化学诱变剂的“辐射当量”概念。
