Skulachev V P
Department of Bioenergetics, Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119899, Russia.
Biochemistry (Mosc). 1998 Dec;63(12):1438-40.
The role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) participating in antiviral host defense is considered. Unlike antibacterial defense, when ROS and their derivatives act as biological weapons killing pathogenic bacteria, the function of ROS in the antiviral defense is assumed to be mediated by apoptosis. It is suggested that a cell activates generation of superoxide and hydrogen peroxide by xanthine oxidase as well as by intracellular NADPH-oxidase in response to appearance of a virus in its cytoplasm. Increase in ROS level turns on the process of programmed cell death in the infected cells. Moreover, H2O2 diffuses into the adjacent cells (due to its high membrane permeability), also inducing apoptosis (death of bystander cells). So, the infected cell and its neighbors (which are the most likely to be infected) are eliminated, thus blocking the spreading of the viral infection.
本文探讨了活性氧（ROS）在抗病毒宿主防御中的作用。与抗菌防御不同，在抗菌防御中ROS及其衍生物作为杀死病原菌的生物武器，而在抗病毒防御中，ROS的功能被认为是通过细胞凋亡介导的。研究表明，细胞在细胞质中出现病毒时，会通过黄嘌呤氧化酶以及细胞内NADPH氧化酶激活超氧化物和过氧化氢的生成。ROS水平的升高开启了受感染细胞中的程序性细胞死亡过程。此外，H2O2由于其高膜通透性扩散到相邻细胞中，也诱导细胞凋亡（旁观者细胞死亡）。因此，受感染的细胞及其邻居（最有可能被感染的细胞）被清除，从而阻断病毒感染的传播。
