Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute (SHVRI), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Shanghai 200241, China.
Department of Poultry Science, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, PMAS Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi 46300, Pakistan.
Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2018 Dec 10;2018:5123147. doi: 10.1155/2018/5123147. eCollection 2018.
Reactive species (RS), generally known as reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS), are produced during regular metabolism in the host and are required for many cellular processes such as cytokine transcription, immunomodulation, ion transport, and apoptosis. Intriguingly, both RNS and ROS are commonly triggered by the pathogenic viruses and are famous for their dual roles in the clearance of viruses and pathological implications. Uncontrolled production of reactive species results in oxidative stress and causes damage in proteins, lipids, DNA, and cellular structures. In this review, we describe the production of RS, their detoxification by a cellular antioxidant system, and how these RS damage the proteins, lipids, and DNA. Given the widespread importance of RS in avian viral diseases, oxidative stress pathways are of utmost importance for targeted therapeutics. Therefore, a special focus is provided on avian virus-mediated oxidative stresses. Finally, future research perspectives are discussed on the exploitation of these pathways to treat viral diseases of poultry.
活性物质（RS），通常被称为活性氧（ROS）和活性氮（RNS），是宿主在正常代谢过程中产生的，对于许多细胞过程是必需的，如细胞因子转录、免疫调节、离子转运和细胞凋亡。有趣的是，RNS 和 ROS 通常都是由病原病毒触发的，它们在清除病毒和病理影响方面的双重作用是众所周知的。活性物质的不受控制的产生会导致氧化应激，并导致蛋白质、脂质、DNA 和细胞结构的损伤。在这篇综述中，我们描述了 RS 的产生、细胞抗氧化系统对其的解毒作用，以及这些 RS 如何损伤蛋白质、脂质和 DNA。鉴于 RS 在禽类病毒性疾病中的广泛重要性，氧化应激途径对于靶向治疗至关重要。因此，特别关注了禽类病毒介导的氧化应激。最后，讨论了利用这些途径治疗家禽病毒性疾病的未来研究前景。
