Xiao B G, Link H
Division of Neurology, Karolinska Institute, Huddinge University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
J Neurol Sci. 1998 Apr 15;157(1):1-12. doi: 10.1016/s0022-510x(98)00049-5.
The brain constitutes an environment that is specifically designed to accommodate, regulate and shape immune responses. On one hand, the central nervous system (CNS) has traditionally been regarded as an immunologically privileged organ, owing to local tissue barrier and immunosuppressive microenvironment. On the other hand, activated microglia and astrocytes express MHC and adhesion/costimulatory molecules, release reactive oxygen intermediates and cytokines, and participate in local immune regulation. Bidirectional interactions between immune and neuroglial components occur in response to infectious and traumatic lesions. Glial cells may facilitate and amplify immune effector mechanisms within the CNS. Cytokines and chemokines within the CNS constitute a specialized CNS-cytokine network, and regulate the development and recovery from autoimmune diseases within the CNS. The interactions between glial cells and lymphoid cells are constituents of a complex immune regulatory system within the CNS. New data on the cross-talk between the CNS and the immune systems are envisaged, and followed by an attempt to create a synthesis of current knowledge.
大脑构成了一个专门设计用于容纳、调节和塑造免疫反应的环境。一方面，由于局部组织屏障和免疫抑制微环境，中枢神经系统（CNS）传统上被视为一个免疫特权器官。另一方面，活化的小胶质细胞和星形胶质细胞表达主要组织相容性复合体（MHC）以及黏附/共刺激分子，释放活性氧中间体和细胞因子，并参与局部免疫调节。免疫成分与神经胶质成分之间的双向相互作用在感染性和创伤性损伤的反应中发生。神经胶质细胞可促进和放大中枢神经系统内的免疫效应机制。中枢神经系统内的细胞因子和趋化因子构成了一个专门的中枢神经系统细胞因子网络，并调节中枢神经系统自身免疫性疾病的发展和恢复。神经胶质细胞与淋巴细胞之间的相互作用是中枢神经系统内复杂免疫调节系统的组成部分。本文设想了关于中枢神经系统与免疫系统之间相互作用的新数据，并尝试对当前知识进行综合。
