Matthiesen T h, Sallmann H P, Heimann W, Kunstýr I
Exp Pathol (Jena). 1976;12(3-4):194-202.
In newborn guinea pigs the structural development of the liver was studied with emphasis on changes in the lipid content as related to biochemical parameters.
The livers of 149 guinea pigs (strain PIRBRIGHT) up to an age of 21 days were examined. The mothers were grouped in cages and kept as usual (room temperature 22 degrees C, air humidity 60-70%, natural light-dark rhythm and commercial standard diet ad libitum, sawdust and straw as bedding). Pregnant animals were placed in individual cages being left there together with their offspring until weaning or sacrification. In this period additional uptake of solid diet was allowed to the guinea pigs. The animals were bleeded to death in anesthesia (by head stroke). For histological examination tissue samples from the Lobes sinister lateralis were fixed in Barker's formol or absolute alcohol. The following staining reactions were applied (paraffin embedding or frozen sections): haemalum-eosin stain; PAS-reaction; Sudan III; Sudan black; Best's carmine (for details on the techniques see ROMEIS 1968). In biochemical analysis the total lipids of the liver were determined by the isolation methods reported by FOLCH et al.(1957). Moreover, in modification of the analytical procedures earlier described (SALLMANN 1972 a, b) several fractions of the liver total lipids could be isolated. By dialysis against a rubber membrane a dialysable lipid component (hydrocarbons, triglycerides, incomplete glycerides, cholesterol and free lipid acids) was isolated from the phosphatide fractions. Further separation of the "dialysable" lipids on Florisil columns yielded purified glyceride fractions. The total lipids as well as all components isolated from these were determined gravimetrically after removal of the solvents concerned. In biochemical analysis the livers of fetuses 10-12 days ante partum and of young animals up to 53 days were included. Results (see also table 1): The relative liver weight--related to the body weight reduced for that of the gastrointestinal tract--is highest at birth. It is lowered independent of the development of the gastrointestinal tract within a short period, then it remains fairly constant during the rest of the time of observation. On the 1st day abundant lipids are regularly distributed throughout the whole liver lobule (fig. 1). Beginning with the 3rd day the central parts of the lobules are nearly free from lipids, only in the peripheral zones of the lobules lipid augmentation was still observed. Consequently the marked decrease in liver weight is due to the rapid reduction of lipids within the first 3 days of life. These observations are in accordance with the biochemical findings: about 10 days ante partum noticeable storage of lipids occurs in the liver reaching its peak 2 to 3 days after birth (physiological fatty infiltration of the liver during the last days of intrauterine life). In fetal liver tissue predominantly tryglycerides are augmented.
对新生豚鼠肝脏的结构发育进行了研究，重点关注与生化参数相关的脂质含量变化。
检查了149只（品系PIRBRIGHT）年龄达21天的豚鼠的肝脏。将母豚鼠分组饲养在笼中，饲养条件如常（室温22摄氏度，空气湿度60 - 70%，自然昼夜节律，随意提供商业标准饮食，以锯末和稻草为垫料）。怀孕的动物被置于单独的笼子中，与它们的后代一起留在那里直至断奶或处死。在此期间，允许豚鼠额外摄取固体食物。动物在麻醉状态下（通过头部击打）放血致死。为进行组织学检查，取自左外侧叶的组织样本用巴克氏甲醛或无水乙醇固定。采用了以下染色反应（石蜡包埋或冰冻切片）：苏木精 - 伊红染色；PAS反应；苏丹III；苏丹黑；贝斯特卡红（有关技术细节见ROMEIS 1968）。在生化分析中，肝脏总脂质通过FOLCH等人（1957年）报道的分离方法测定。此外，在对先前所述分析程序（SALLMANN 1972 a，b）进行改进后，可分离出肝脏总脂质的几个组分。通过对橡胶膜进行透析，从磷脂组分中分离出一种可透析的脂质成分（烃类、甘油三酯、不完全甘油酯、胆固醇和游离脂肪酸）。在弗罗里硅土柱上对“可透析”脂质进行进一步分离，得到纯化的甘油酯组分。在去除相关溶剂后，通过重量法测定总脂质以及从这些脂质中分离出的所有组分。在生化分析中纳入了产前10 - 12天的胎儿以及53天以下幼龄动物的肝脏。结果（另见表1）：相对肝脏重量——相对于去除胃肠道后的体重而言——在出生时最高。在短时间内，它独立于胃肠道的发育而降低，然后在其余观察期间保持相当稳定。在第1天，丰富的脂质均匀分布于整个肝小叶（图1）。从第3天开始，小叶的中央部分几乎没有脂质，仅在小叶的周边区域仍观察到脂质增加。因此，肝脏重量的显著下降是由于出生后前3天脂质的快速减少。这些观察结果与生化发现一致：产前约10天肝脏中出现明显的脂质储存，在出生后2至3天达到峰值（子宫内生活最后几天肝脏的生理性脂肪浸润）。在胎儿肝脏组织中，主要是甘油三酯增加。
