Saxena A, Mendoza T, Cleeland C S
All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
J Pain Symptom Manage. 1999 Jan;17(1):27-41. doi: 10.1016/s0885-3924(98)00104-3.
The status of pain treatment for cancer patients in India is largely undocumented. Although many languages and dialects are spoken throughout the country, millions of persons in North India speak Hindi. This project developed and validated a Hindi version of the Brief Pain Inventory (BPI-H), a short measure of pain and pain interference that has been shown to be relatively free of cultural or linguistic influences. In the validation process, we were able to administer both the Hindi and English versions of the BPI to a sample of bilingual (Hindi and English) patients. The English and Hindi versions of the BPI were very similar in their psychometric properties, supporting the reliability and construct validity of the Hindi version. As with other language versions of the BPI, factor analysis of the BPI-H items results in severity and interference subscales. We followed the validation with an examination of the status of cancer pain management in a major northern Indian cancer center, based on 200 patients with pain who spoke only Hindi. Using a conservative measure of analgesic prescription adequacy (the Pain Management Index), three-fourths of Hindi-speaking cancer patients in this study were inadequately treated by World Health Organization (WHO) recommendations. The results of this study encourage the development of other forms of the BPI in the many languages of India, and the use of the instrument in studies of the epidemiology and treatment of cancer pain.
印度癌症患者疼痛治疗的现状在很大程度上尚无文献记载。尽管印度全国使用多种语言和方言，但印度北部数以百万计的人说印地语。本项目开发并验证了印地语版的简明疼痛问卷（BPI-H），这是一种对疼痛及疼痛干扰的简短测量工具，已被证明相对不受文化或语言影响。在验证过程中，我们能够对双语（印地语和英语）患者样本同时使用印地语版和英语版的BPI。BPI的英语版和印地语版在心理测量特性方面非常相似，这支持了印地语版的可靠性和结构效度。与BPI的其他语言版本一样，对BPI-H项目进行因子分析可得出严重程度和干扰分量表。在验证之后，我们以一家印度北部主要癌症中心的200名仅说印地语的疼痛患者为基础，对癌症疼痛管理状况进行了调查。使用镇痛处方充足性的保守衡量指标（疼痛管理指数），本研究中四分之三说印地语的癌症患者未得到世界卫生组织（WHO）建议的充分治疗。这项研究的结果鼓励在印度的多种语言中开发BPI的其他形式，并将该工具用于癌症疼痛的流行病学和治疗研究。
