Porche D J
Nicholls State University, Thibodaux, Louisiana, USA.
Nurs Clin North Am. 1999 Mar;34(1):95-112.
HIV results in a continual and progressive pathological attack on the human immune system. This attack on the immune system can be altered with combination antiretroviral agents that interrupt the HIV life-cycle. There are three classes of approved antiretroviral agents: nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors, nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors, and protease inhibitors. The progressive deterioration of the patient's immune system by HIV infection increases the likelihood of developing opportunistic infections. Primary measures that can be taken to prevent the development of opportunistic infections are preventing exposure to the microorganisms in the environment and maintaining a competent immune system using antiretroviral therapy through prophylactic agents specific to opportunistic infections.
艾滋病病毒会对人体免疫系统发起持续且渐进性的病理攻击。通过使用能中断艾滋病病毒生命周期的联合抗逆转录病毒药物，可以改变这种对免疫系统的攻击。有三类已获批准的抗逆转录病毒药物：核苷类逆转录酶抑制剂、非核苷类逆转录酶抑制剂和蛋白酶抑制剂。艾滋病病毒感染导致患者免疫系统逐渐恶化，增加了发生机会性感染的可能性。可采取的预防机会性感染发生的主要措施包括防止接触环境中的微生物，以及通过使用针对机会性感染的预防性药物进行抗逆转录病毒治疗来维持健全的免疫系统。
